木醋液对牛粪好氧堆肥理化特性与育苗效果的影响

Effect of Wood Vinegar on Physicochemical Properties and Seeding Capability of Cow Manure Aerobic Composting

传统的牛粪好氧堆肥作为育苗基质利用,其育苗效果差,加入调理剂是改善育苗效果的重要手段。为研究木醋液对牛粪好氧堆肥物料理化特性及育苗效果的影响,以牛粪、小麦秸秆为原料,木醋液添加量为0、1%、3%、5%,在自主设计的小试堆肥反应器中进行好氧堆肥试验。选取黄瓜为指示植物,使用堆肥腐熟料进行育苗试验。结果表明:随着木醋液添加量的升高,堆肥物料的含水率、总氮含量、总磷含量、K+含量及有机质降解率呈现上升趋势,p H值、电导率呈现下降趋势;低浓度(添加量1%)木醋液可促进纤维素、半纤维素的降解,发芽指数最高,为79.17%,且1%木醋液处理组的壮苗指数最高,为0.0449 g,显著高于其他3组(P<0.05)。

Traditional aerobic composting of cow manure is not conducive to seedling raising,and adding conditioner is an important method to improve its capability of nursery. As a by-product of agricultural and forestry waste pyrolysis industry,wood vinegar was not been effectively used. In order to optimize the pretreatment process of cow manure aerobic compost for seedling substrate,cow dung and wheat straw were used as raw materials and wood vinegar as regulator,and adding 0,1%,3% and 5% of wood vinegar to the compost and putting the material into the small test reactor for fermentation. Based on the analysis of the composition of wood vinegar,its effect on the aerobic composting process was studied,and then the compost material was used for seedling test. The results showed that with the increase of the concentration,the content of water,TN,TP,K+and organic matter degradation rate showed an upward trend,however,the pH value and EC value showed a downward trend. The relative degradation rates of cellulose and hemicellulose can be enhanced by low concentration( 1%) of wood vinegar. Cucumber was selected as the test crop,and the compost material was used as substrates for germination and seedling test. The germination index of the composting extracts of all groups were more than 50%,which basically reached the non-toxic requirement of plants. The highest germination index group was 1% wood vinegar group,which was 79. 17%,and in the subsequent nursery test,the seedling index( 0. 044 9 g) of the1% wood vinegar treatment group was significantly higher than that of the other groups( P < 0. 05). The results of this study can provide theoretical basis and reference for optimizing the pretreatment process of cow manure aerobic composting as seedling substrate.