利用转座子构建细菌突变体的原理及应用

Principle and application progress of transposon to construct bacterial mutants

转座反应在生物体的抗逆应激性反应、效应因子迁移等过程中扮演着重要角色,越来越多的转座元件被发现并应用于未知功能基因的发现、生物遗传特性与功能等研究。Tn3、Tn5、Tn10、Tn7来源于原核生物,Mariner来源于真核生物,其中Tn3属于TnA家族,采用复制型转座,其余采用非复制型转座。实际应用中,相对于Tn3、Tn5存在插入热点区域,Mariner和Tn10具有更高的插入频率和随机性,且得到更为广泛的应用。详细总结了广泛应用于芽孢杆菌、假单胞菌、黄单胞菌、劳尔氏菌等细菌研究领域的Tn3、Tn5、Tn10、Tn7、Mariner类转座子的分类、结构特点、转座过程和调控机制,以及最新的应用进展,为后续研究者提供了理论说明和应用建议。

The transposition plays an important role in the biological stress response, migration of effect factor. Transposable elements have increasingly been applied to to study for unknown gene discovery or genetic characteristics and function. Tn3, Tn5, Tn10 and Tn7 are derived from prokaryotes, while Mariner is derived from eukaryotic organisms. Tn3 belongs to the TnA family transposon, which is canonical replicative transposition while others are canonical cut-and-paste transpositions. In the application, compared with Tn3 and Tn5, Mariner and Tn10 have higher frequency and random, and been widely used. This paper summarized the classification, structure and transpososome process, as well as mechanisms of regulation and latest applied progress of Tn3, Tn5, Tn10, Tn7 and Mariner, which have been widely used in bacteria including Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas and Ralstonia solanacearum. This paper provides theoretical explanations and application suggestions for the following researchers.