涤纶织物复合静电纺PVDF纳米纤维防水透湿膜的工艺探索

Exploration on technology of polyester fabric composited with waterproof and moisture permeable electrospun PVDF nanofiber membrane

采用热轧工艺复合涤纶织物和静电纺聚偏四氟乙烯(PVDF)纳米纤维膜,开发具有防水性、透湿性、透气性的复合织物。探讨纺丝液中PVDF质量分数和纺丝电压对PVDF纳米纤维膜形貌的影响,测试采用3种复合工艺制得的单层膜复合织物、单面双层膜复合织物和双面单层膜复合织物的瞬时接触角和动态接触角,以及单层膜复合织物的透湿性、透气性和力学性能。结果表明:纺丝液中PVDF的质量分数为23%、纺丝电压为15、16 kV时,可制得纤维直径为300~400 nm且粗细均匀的PVDF纳米纤维膜;单层膜复合织物、单面双层膜复合织物和双面单层膜复合织物的接触角分别为135.1°、142.4°和136.7°,8 min后接触角的降幅分别为5.40%、10.57%和10.31%;与涤纶织物原样相比,单层膜复合织物的透气率下降35.53%,透湿量下降6.93%,力学性能提高。

The composite fabric with waterproofness,moisture permeability and air permeability was developed through hot-pressing polyester fabric with electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)nanofiber membrane.The effects of PVDF s mass fraction in spinning solution and spinning voltage on the morphology of PVDF nanofiber membrane were investigated,and the instantaneous contact angle and dynamic contact angle of the single-layer membrane composite fabric,the single-side double-layer membrane composite fabric and the double-side single-layer membrane composite fabric which were made with 3 kinds of composite technologies,as well as the moisture permeability,air permeability and mechanical properties of the single-layer membrane composite fabric,were all tested.The results showed that,when the PVDF s mass fraction in spinning solution was 23%and the spinning voltage was 15 or 16 kV,the PVDF nanofiber membrane with fiber diameter of 300~400 nm and uniform thickness could be obtained.The instantaneous contact angles of the single-layer membrane composite fabric,the single-side double-layer membrane composite fabric and the double-side single-layer membrane composite fabric were 135.1°,142.4°and 136.7°respectively,while the contact angles decreased by 5.40%,10.57%and 10.31%respectively after 8 min.Compared with the original polyester fabric,the single-layer membrane composite fabric s air permeability decreased 35.53%,and the moisture permeability decreased 6.93%,while the mechanical property improved.