枣实蝇对枣果挥发物的选择行为

Selective Behavioral Response of Carpomya vesuviana Costa to Volatile Substances of Jujube

[目的]探究对枣实蝇有引诱作用的挥发性物质,研发基于行为调节的防治技术。[方法]采用Y型嗅觉仪测定了枣实蝇成虫对6种枣果挥发物的选择行为反应,并在室内试验的基础上进行田间引诱试验。[结果]室内试验结果显示,枣实蝇成虫对6种枣果挥发物具有显著正趋性。枣实蝇雌虫对棕榈酸乙酯、月桂酸乙酯、肉豆蔻酸的选择率较强,选择率均为30%以上;雄虫对亚油酸乙酯、油酸乙酯的选择率较强,选择率均为25%以上,从不同浓度梯度(原液、10%溶液、1%溶液)的选择率和选择系数来看,随浓度的递减,其选择率和选择系数也在递减,原液的选择率分别为10%溶液及1%溶液的2.5倍及5倍以上。田间试验发现:肉豆蔻酸对枣实蝇雌虫的诱集效果较强,2 d最多诱捕数量为15头·只^-1,平均诱捕数量为11.4头·只^-1,十四酸乙酯次之。在6种不同挥发物中油酸乙酯和亚油酸乙酯对枣实蝇雄虫的引诱效果较强。经单因素方差分析发现,在6种挥发性物质及混合物中,月桂酸乙酯及十四酸乙酯对枣实蝇雌雄虫的引诱效果之间存在显著性差异。其他挥发物之间无显著差异。[结论]枣果挥发物中棕榈酸乙酯、月桂酸乙酯、肉豆蔻酸与枣实蝇偏爱选择密切相关。在田间试验中:枣实蝇成虫对肉豆蔻酸的选择率较强,为研发枣实蝇引诱剂提供了理论依据。

[Objective] To study the volatile substances of jujube trees attractive to Carpomya vesuviana Costa.[Method] The experiment was carried out in July 2016. The choice behavior of adult C. vesuviana to 6 kinds of volatile substance from jujube fruit was measured. On the basis of laboratory test, field validation test was carried out.[Result] The result of selection behavior experiment in laboratory showed that the adult C. vesuviana had significant positive tropism for the 6 kinds of volatile substance. The selectivity of female to ethyl palmitate, ethyl laurate and myristic acid was stronger, which was higher than 30%. The selectivity and selectivity coefficient of different concentration gradients(stock, 10% solution, 1% solution) were observed. It was showed that the selection rate and selection coefficient decreased with the decrease of concentration. The selectivity to the stock solution was 2.5 times and 5 times that of 10% solution and 1% solution. In field trials, it was found that the effect of myristic acid on the female of C. vesuviana was stronger, the maximum number of 2 d traps was 15/head, and the average number of traps was11.4/head, followed by ethyl myristate. Ethyl oleate and ethyl linoleate had stronger attraction effect on the male C.vesuviana. As far as the attracting effect is concerned, there were significant differences between male and female C.vesuviana to ethyl laurate and ethyl myristate, while there was no significant difference among other volatiles. [Conclusion] Among the volatile substances of jujube fruit, ethyl palmitate, ethyl laurate and myristic acid are closely related to the preference of C. vesuviana. In field trials, the selectivity of adults C. vesuviana Costa to myristic acid is higher, which can provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of attractant.