可瓷化PDMS改性聚氨酯泡沫复合材料的制备及其性能研究

PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF CERAMICIZABLE PDMS MODIFIED POLYURETHANE FOAM COMPOSITES

硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料具有低密度、低导热系数和优良的隔热保温性能,但耐热性较差,需提高其耐热性以满足应用要求。本文使用羟基硅油(PDMS)对聚氨酯进行改性,并添加低熔点玻璃粉、滑石粉和高岭土等填料,采用模压成型工艺制备可瓷化PDMS改性聚氨酯泡沫复合材料,研究了高岭土对可瓷化PDMS改性聚氨酯泡沫复合材料压缩强度、导热系数和耐热性能等的影响。结果表明:随着高岭土含量的增加,材料的密度增大,导热系数变大,压缩强度提高;SEM结果显示,800℃处理后材料表面生成一层陶瓷化连续相结构;XRD分析表明新生成的陶瓷相为α-石英和斜方锰顽辉石。因此,无机填料的添加有效地提高了硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的耐热性。

Rigid polyurethane foam has low density,low thermal conductivity and excellent thermal insulation properties,but its heat resistance is poor which needs to be improved to meet the application requirements.In this paper,the ceramicizable RPUF modified polyurethane foam composite was prepared by using hard polyurethane foam(RPUF)as matrix,hydroxyl silicone oil(PDMS)as modified additive,low melting point glass powder,talc powder and kaolin as ceramicable filler.And,the effects of kaolin on the compressive strength,thermal conductivity and ablative properties at high temperature of the ceramicizable PDMS modified polyurethane foam composites were studied.The results show that with the increase of kaolin content,the density of the material increases,the thermal conductivity increases,and the compressive strength increases.The SEM results show that a ceramic continuous phase structure is formed on the surface of the material after ablation at 800℃.XRD analysis indicates that the newly formed ceramic phase wasα-quartz and orthorhombic manganese.Therefore,the addition of the inorganic filler effectively improves the heat resistance of the rigid polyurethane foam.