网络空间中黑社会性质组织与恶势力的刑法认定

The Criminal Identification of Organized Gangsterdom and Vicious Power under the Context of Network

2018年1月,中共中央、国务院发出《关于开展扫黑除恶专项斗争的通知》,决定开展为期三年的"扫黑除恶"专项行动。各省市在具体实施的过程中发现了为数不少的网络黑恶势力,并将有组织的网络水军进行的网上威胁、恐吓、侮辱行为作为黑恶势力的典型表现形式进行打击。在具体司法实践中,抓住黑社会性质组织的暴力性、公开性等实质危害性特征才能够正确界定网络黑社会性质组织;只有明确恶势力犯罪集团的"软暴力"作用机制,并关注其行为的公开性和危害的双重性才能与一般的共同犯罪划清界限。在此基础上再进行一定的价值判断,着眼于网络黑恶势力的犯罪链条与施加非法影响的逻辑,通过技术改进与司法努力,才能保证在实现"打早打小"的同时尽可能落实"打准打实"的审判原则,使扫黑除恶不至于脱离法治轨道。

On January,2018,the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Notice on the Special Campaign against Mafia-style Groups and Vicious Power,and decided to launch a three-year special campaign.Until now,many"cyber vicious power"have been found in various provinces and municipalities in the process of concrete implementation.In the specific judicial practice,only by grasping the violence and openness of the underworld-like organizations can we correctly distinguish"mafia-style groups"from"vicious power",and only by clarifying the mechanism of the soft violence of vicious power and paying attention to the openness and harmfulness of their actions can we draw a clear line with common crimes.On this basis,a certain value judgment can be made to ensure that the trial principle of"striking precisely and actually"is implemented as far as possible while"striking early and little"is achieved so as not to deviate from the track of rule of law.