提升突发公共卫生事件预警有效性的制度思考--基于食品安全治理的经验借鉴

Institution Research on the Early Warning of Public Health Emergency:Learning from Experience of Food Safety Governance

此次新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情中出现了官方信息发布迟滞的问题,亟需我们进一步反思并改进我国现有重大突发公共卫生事件信息发布制度存在的缺陷。国际经验表明,作为应对科层制行政管理体系效率不高、行动迟缓的重要补救性措施,吹哨人保护制度在世界各国立法中得到了较大范围普及。我国在食品安全治理中,参照吹哨人立法的精神,构建起了较为完善的内部举报人奖励制度,取得了积极成效。文章建议,借鉴国内食品安全领域的相关制度以及国外有关经验,加快我国公共卫生领域吹哨人保护制度建设,有效地规范公共卫生领域信息传播行为,使其与卫生行政管理部门形成有机互补,提升重大突发公共卫生事件预警的有效性。

The delayed release of official information of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)makes it is urgent to further reflect upon the limitations with the existing major public health emergency information release system in China.International experience shows that,as an important remedial system to overcome the inefficiency and slow action of the bureaucratic administrative management system,the Whistleblower Protection law has been widely adopted in the legislation around the world.In the governance of food safety in China,in accordance with the spirit of the Whistleblower Protection legislation,we have established a relatively complete internal whistleblower reward system and have achieved fruitful results.This article suggests that China can refer to the whistler system in the field of food safety,accelerate the protection of whistlers in the public health field,encourage and regulate whistling behavior in this field,and complement health administrative departments to enhance public effectiveness of early warning of major health emergencies.