解释与适用:生产销售假口罩行为的刑法规制研究

Interpretation and application:Study on the criminal law regulation of producing and selling fake masks

新型冠状病毒肺炎是典型的突发公共卫生事件,在此期间的疫情防控工作离不开各种物资的支持,其中口罩就是最为重要的物资,包括普通口罩和医用口罩,后者属于医用器材。现阶段假口罩犯罪的行为范式包括旧口罩翻新为新口罩、劣质口罩冒充合格口罩、普通口罩冒充医用口罩、国外标准口罩替代国内标准口罩。对于假口罩犯罪刑法规制的罪名选择,生产、销售伪劣产品罪的法益是经济秩序和消费者合法权益相结合的混和法益,主要有4种行为范式并且在特定环境下优先适用。与之对应,生产、销售不符合标准的医用器材罪的法益是人身法益和财产法益,并且行为范式不包括购买和使用行为,犯罪形态是准抽象危险犯,并且作为空白罪状,司法适用过程中需要参照国家标准和行业标准类的非典型性空白规范。

Corona Virus Disease 2019 is a typical public health emergency.The prevention and control of the epidemic would be impossible without materialistic support,among which masks are indispensable,both ordinary masks and surgical masks.Surgical masks are medical equipment.At present,the patterns of criminal behaviors of fake masks include renewing old masks,disguising inferior masks as qualified masks,disguising ordinary masks as medical masks,and substituting foreign standard masks for domestic standard ones.As for the criminal regulation charges of fake masks,producing and selling fake products involve mixed legal interests combining economic order with the legal rights and interests of consumers.There are four behavioral paradigms.The legal interests of crime of producing or selling non-standard medical equipment is both personal legal interests and property legal interests.Failure to conform to the standard of medical equipment in production and sales violates personal law and property law.Behavior paradigm is the abstract dangerous crimes,which does not include personal purchase.Judicial application process should abide national standards and industry standards.