初级纤毛在牙发育中的分布及相关信号通路的研究进展

Research progress on the distribution of primary cilia and related signaling pathways involved in odontogene sis

初级纤毛是位于大多数哺乳动物细胞表面,感受外环境刺激并传导信息的一种细胞器,在组织发育过程中参与调控各种信号通路。本文就初级纤毛在牙发育中的分布及相关信号通路的研究进展作一综述。文献复习结果表明,在牙发育过程中,初级纤毛在上皮与间充质的相互诱导中发挥重要作用,且随细胞不断增殖分化,初级纤毛的分布呈现出时间和空间依赖性。尽管此分布特征的原因尚不明确,但部分实验证据表明其与初级纤毛所分布的细胞与组织的功能相适应。初级纤毛在牙发育过程中主要参与调控Hedgehog和Wnt两种重要的信号通路,编码纤毛蛋白的基因(如Kif3a、Evc/Evc2和Ift等)可通过对这两种信号通路的调控来影响牙齿的发育,并且两种信号通路之间存在交互作用。相关基因(如Ofd1,Bbs等)的缺失也可通过损害纤毛的结构或功能破坏上下游信号的传导,引起多种类型的牙齿发育不良,包括小牙、釉质发育不全、牙齿缺失或颅面部畸形。

Primary cilia are organelles present on most mammalian cells that sense environmental changes and trans duce signaling,and they are the key coordinators of various signaling pathways during tissue development.This article reviews the progress of research on the distribution of primary cilia in tooth development and the related signaling path ways.A literature review shows that in odontogenesis,primary cilia play an important role in the mutual induction of the epithelium and mesenchyme;during the continuous proliferation and differentiation of cells,the distribution of primary cilia is temporally and spatially dependent.Although the reason for this distribution is still unclear,some experimental evidence indicates that this phenomenon is compatible with the function of cells and tissues in which primary cilia are distributed.Primary cilia are involved in the regulation of two important signaling pathways,Hedgehog and Wnt,in odontogenesis.Genes encoding cilia(such as Kif3a,Evc/Evc2 and Ift)can affect the development of teeth by regulating these two signaling pathways,and there is an interaction between the two signaling pathways.Deletion of related genes(such as Ofd1 and Bbs)can damage the transmission of upstream and downstream signals by damaging the structure or function of cilia,thereby causing various types of dental dysplasia,including small teeth,enamel hypoplasia,missing teeth,or craniofacial deformities.