国际河流水权分配方法与适用——以中东两河为例

Methods and application of international river water rights-Case study of Tigris-Euphrates river basin

国际河流的水权分配问题已成为影响各流域国关系的重要因素之一。基于国际水法的基本原则,根据不同分配标准拟定不同国际河流水权分配方法,并应用于底格里斯幼发拉底河实例中,分析河流的具体各项数据,计算出各自的分配效果。结果显示,兼顾生态需水、人口水量及产水贡献三方面的流域国贡献比例分配法更加合理,更具有可操作性,更易被各流域国接受,能够减少和避免流域国之间的水冲突,稳定地区安全。

The allocation of international river water rights has become one of the important factors that affect the relationship among the basin countries.Based on the basic principles of international water law,the corresponding formulas for calculating the allocation of international river water rights are formulated according to different distribution criteria,and they are applied to the case study of Tigris-Euphrates basin.The specific data of various items are analyzed,and their allocation efficiencies are calculated.It is found that the allocation formulas taking into account ecological water use,population water quantity and water production contribution are more rational and operational,and they are easily accepted by the basin countries and can reduce and avoid water conflicts between the basin countries.