南岭民族脱贫村寨返贫风险及其治理的质性研究

A Qualitative Research into the Risk of Returning to Poverty of Ethnic Poverty Alleviation Villages and Its Governance in Nanling

2020年中央一号文件明确提出,巩固脱贫成果,防止返贫。巩固脱贫成效,提升小康成色将成为贫困治理的主要议题。如何破解并阻断返贫风险对于巩固脱贫成果,实施乡村振兴战略具有重要意义。针对南岭走廊部分民族脱贫村寨进行田野调查,脱贫户面临的返贫风险集中体现在防贫能力不足、脱贫政策不稳定、部分贫困对象严重依赖政府等方面。影响返贫的风险既有源于自然灾害、健康缺失等传统因素,也有社会结构变迁、乡村城市化、现代化带来的非传统风险。贫困问题不只是经济贫困问题,也是精神贫困、能力贫困问题。有效防范返贫风险,必须赋能与兜底双轮驱动,“精神短板”与“能力短板”同向齐补,着力实施韧性治理,从根本上提升发展韧性,增强脱贫村寨、脱贫户的内生动力。

The no.1document of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China central committee in 2020 clearly states that we will consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation and prevent poverty from returning to China.Consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation and improving the success of moderately prosperous society will become the main issue of poverty control.How to break and block the risk of returning to poverty is of great significance for consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation and implementing the rural revitalization strategy.According to the field survey of some ethnic poverty alleviation villages in the Nanling corridor,the risks of poverty alleviation faced by the poverty-stricken households are mainly reflected in the insufficient ability to prevent poverty,unstable poverty alleviation policies,and the heavy dependence of some poor people on the government.The risk of returning to poverty is not only caused by traditional factors such as natural disaster and lack of health,but also by non-traditional risks brought by social structure change,rural urbanization and modernization.Poverty is not only a problem of economic poverty,but also a problem of spiritual poverty and capacity poverty.To effectively prevent the risk of returning to poverty,we must harness both energy and capacity,strengthen both the"spirit gap"and the"capacity gap",focus on resilience,fundamentally improve the resilience of development,and enhance the internal endogenous power.