认知视角下多义词语义网络的构建——以“发”为例

The Construction of Polysemous Semantic Networks from Cognitive Perspective:Take fā(发)as an Example

认知视角下的多义词是包含多个相互关联的意义的词语的语义网络。每一个多义词都是一个意义范畴。有的意义接近原型,有的意义则通过概念隐喻、意象图式转换等认知机制,从原型意义中分离出来,成为引申的意义。认知语言学认为多义词的所有意义都可以通过表示与意义临近的关系的节点向外辐射,形成辐射状语义网络。多义词的语义网络不仅可以揭示多义词由原型义向边缘义引申的脉络,而且可以帮助语言学习者理解多义词意义的发展轨迹。多义词语义网络的构建具有很强的实用性和语言学价值。

Polysemy,from the cognitive perspective,is a semantic network of a single word that contains multiple interrelated meanings.Each polysemous Lexical item is a senses category.Some of the meanings in the category are more prototypical.The less prototypical meanings are derived from the prototypical meanings by cognitive mechanisms including conceptual metaphor and image schema transformation,and this give rise to meaning extensions.Cognitive linguistics believes that all the senses of a polysemous item can radiate outward through the nodes representing the close relationship between senses and form a radial semantic network.This semantic network can not only reveal the context of polysemy extending from prototype meaning to peripheral meaning,but also help language learners understand the development of polysemy meanings.The construction of the networks is very practical and of great significance.