辽宁中部稻区水田合理耕层构建技术规程

Technical Regulations for Construction of Reasonable Cultivation Layers in Paddy Fields in Central Rice Region of Liaoning

辽宁中部稻区主要包括沈阳市、辽阳市等地,属于北方一季粳稻区,气候适宜,温光条件好,土地平坦,稻田土层深厚,有机质、氮、磷、钾等较为丰富,非常适合水稻生产。但是,由于耕作水平不高、灌溉技术水平较低,且长期单一地使用化肥进行掠夺式生产,导致地力下降、土壤结构不良、耕性变差、耕层变浅、养分失衡、保水保肥和抗旱减灾能力下降,严重影响了水稻生产。为了很好地解决这些问题,辽宁省水稻研究所开展了针对性的研究,制定了辽宁中部稻区水田合理耕层构建技术规程,从机械耕整地、施肥管理、水分管理、秸秆还田四个方面,提出了辽宁中部棕壤型稻区水田合理耕层构建的技术措施,以期能够促进辽宁水稻可持续发展,实现水稻高产稳产。

The central region of Liaoning mainly including Shenyang and Liaoyang,and belonging to the northern one-season rice planting region,is good for rice growth because of the suitable climate,good temperature and light conditions,flat land and deep soil layers rich in nutrients such as organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium are rich.However,in the rice planting process for many years,due to the low level of farming and irrigation,and predatory production using pure chemical fertilizer,it has been brought about the decrease of soil fertility,worse soil structure and till ability,shallower tillage layer,nutrient imbalance and lower capabilities in water-fertilizer conservation,drought resistance and disaster reduction,which has severely affected rice production.In order to solve these problems well,targeted research has been carried out,and the technical regulations for the construction of reasonable cultivation layers of paddy fields in brown soil-type in central rice region of Liaoning have been formulated.The technical measures were proposed from four aspects of mechanical farming,fertilization management,water management,and straw returning to promote the sustainable development of rice in Liaoning and achieve high and stable rice yield.