株洲市噪声作业工人听力监测分析

Analysis of hearing surveillance of noise-exposed workers in Zhuzhou city

目的了解噪声作业工人听力损失现状,为制定有效的预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法于2018年1月1日至10月31日,通过作业场所职业病危害申报与备案管理系统和职业健康检查系统,收集株洲市136家企业7806名噪声作业工人的基本信息和体检信息以及企业行业、类型、规模等相关信息,采用χ^2检验对辖区内噪声作业工人的职业健康监护数据和企业信息进行分析。结果株洲市7806名噪声作业工人年龄为(36.1±9.3)岁,工龄为7.0(3.0,11.0)年;检出听力损失工人1270人,检出率为16.27%;疑似职业性噪声聋51人,检出率为0.65%;噪声聋1人,检出率为0.01%。男性听力损失检出率明显高于女性,听力损失和疑似职业性噪声聋检出率均随着年龄和工龄的增加而增加(P<0.05);不同工种工人听力损失和疑似职业性噪声聋检出率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同行业、企业规模噪声作业工人听力损失检出率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),非金属矿采选行业工人的听力损失检出率较高(33.33%,14/42),小型企业工人的听力损失检出率较高(19.32%,296/1532);不同经济类型企业噪声作业工人疑似职业性噪声聋检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),私营企业工人的疑似职业性噪声聋检出率较高(1.29%,36/2782)。结论株洲市噪声作业危害严重,应加强非金属矿采选行业和小型、私营企业的职业卫生防护措施,加大职业卫生执法力度,保护劳动者健康。

Objective To understand the hearing loss status of workers exposed to noise,and provide a scientific basis for formulating effective prevention and control strategies.Methods From Januaryl to October 31,2018,through the occupational hazard declaration and record management system of the workplace and the health checkup system,the basic information and physical examination information of 7806 noise-exposed workers in 136 companies in Zhuzhou City in 2018 and the related information about the industry,type,and scale of the enterprises were collected.Theχ2 test was used to analyze the occupational health monitoring data of the noise-exposed workers.Results The average age of 7806 workers in Zhuzhou was(36.1±9.3)years,and the working age was 7.0(3.0,11.0)years.And 1270 workers with noise induced hearing loss(NIHL)were detected,including 51 suspected occupational noise deafness.The detection rates of NIHL and the suspected occupational noise deafness were 16.27%,0.65%,respectively.The detection rate of noise was 0.01%in 1deaf person.It showed that the male had higher morbidity than the female(P<0.05)and the workers with longer exposure time had a higher morbidity(P<0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in the detection rate of NIHL and suspected occupational noise deafness between workers of different types of work(P<0.05).It was noted that the morbidity varied in different enterprises,industry types and terms of scales(P<0.05).Non-metal ore mining and dressing industry workers had higher NIHL detection rate(33.33%,14/42)and small companies workers had higher NIHL detection rate(19.32%,296/1532).There was a statistically significant difference in the detection rate of suspected occupational noise deafness between workers of different economic types of enterprises.There was a high detection rate of suspected occupational noise deafness among workers in private enterprises(1.29%,36/2782).Conclusion The noise operation in Zhuzhou is seriously endangered.Occupational health protection measures for non-metallic mining and dressing industries,small and private enterprises should be strengthened.Occupational health law enforcement efforts should be strengthened to protect workers'health.