财政分权、政府行为与绿色全要素生产率的增长

Fiscal Decentralization, Government Behavior and Growth of Green Total Factor Productivity

我国经济增长取得了举世瞩目的成就,然而,资源短缺和环境恶化形势日趋严峻,促进绿色全要素生产率的增长己成为推动我国经济高质量发展的关键所在。当前,政治上集权、经济上分权的财政体制通过影响政府行为改变了资源配置方式,进而对绿色全要素生产率的增长产生了深远影响。本文首先基于政府行为变化的视角,分析财政分权对绿色全要素生产率的影响机制并提出理论假设;其次,采用基于SBM方向距离函数的ML指数对我国各省区2001~2016年的绿色全要素生产率指数进行测算;最后,构建随机效应模型对影响机制进行实证检验,得出如下结论:一是财政分权对绿色全要素生产率具有显著的促进作用,但区域差异性明显;二是财政分权使地方政府通过引进高质量FDI、加大科技投入、改善人力资本以及提高基础设施水平等策略促进绿色全要素生产率的增长;三是财政分权在一定程度上造成教育、环境等基本公共服务供给不足等政府行为的扭曲,抑制了绿色全要素生产率的增长。根据上述结论,从完善转移支付制度、清晰划分环境事权等方面提出政策建议。

Promoting the growth of green total factor productivity has become the key to promoting the high-quality development of China’s economy. This paper analyzes the impact mechanism of fiscal decentralization on green total factor productivity and proposes theoretical assumptions based on the perspective of changes in government behavior;at the same time, the paper constructs a random effects model to empirically test the impact mechanism. The results of the study are as follows: First, fiscal decentralization has a significant role in promoting green total factor productivity, while showing obvious regional differences. Second, fiscal decentralization enables local governments to optimize the allocation of resources by introducing high-quality FDI, increasing investment in science and technology, improving regional human capital, and improving local infrastructure levels, thereby promoting the growth of green total factor productivity;Third, fiscal decentralization has caused distortions in government behavior such as insufficient supply of basic public services, which has curbed the growth of green total factor productivity. Based on the above conclusions, policy recommendations are made from the aspects of improving the transfer payment system and clearly dividing environmental rights.