制度变迁下国有商业银行农村服务网络演化——以农业银行兰考县支行为例

Rural Service Network Evolution of State-Owned Commercial Bank under the Institutional Change:The Case of Lankao Branch of Agricultural Bank of China

经济转轨背景下农村的银行服务网络呈现出不同于城市的演化特征。从制度变迁角度建构分析框架,基于历史、调查与访谈数据,以农业银行兰考县支行为例,探讨我国商业银行农村服务网络演化动力机制。研究表明:国有商业银行农村服务网络经历了恢复成立后的快速扩张和密集的人工网点服务,市场化改革中农村业务收缩和大规模网点撤并,到新时期人工、自助、电子、代理等多元服务渠道扩张;农村银行服务网络演化是商业银行和制度环境相互作用的空间过程,普惠金融战略下我国特别强调金融服务的均等化和基础金融网点的全覆盖,商业银行不断借助新的伙伴关系开拓农村市场,其中合作代理日益发挥重要作用。不同地区、不同商业银行农村服务网络模式的差异,农村银行服务网络转型对农村社会经济发展、金融生态环境改善、农民金融素养提升的影响等还需进一步研究。

Based on institutional economic geography,an analytical framework,including the change of banking institution,rural finance reform,urban-rural relationship,and the progress of information technology,has been proposed to explore the dynamic mechanism of the evolution of commercial banks'rural service network.Taking Lankao County Branch of Agricultural Bank of China as a case,based on interview and survey data,the paper firstly explored the spatial evolution of its service network in 1980-2016.Then the paper explored the dynamic mechanism of rural banking service network evolution,which indicated the evolution of rural service network of state-owned commercial banks is a spatial process of interaction between commercial bank and institutional environment.Under the national strategy of inclusive finance,the supply of financial services in rural China specially emphasized on full coverage and equalization,and commercial banks increasingly used information technology to explore new organizational models and partnerships to expand rural service networks,among which agents in branchless banking play an increasingly important role.Compared with the shrinking trend of bank physical branches under the rapid progress of information technology,the banking service network of in China rural is becoming more and more diversified and equalized.The impact of these new service outlets on rural modernization,rural economic development,financial ecological environment,farmers'financial literacy and so on,needs to be further studied.