草坪枯草层防控研究进展

Research progress on prevention and control of turfgrass thatch

枯草层是指由草坪草周期性脱落的根系、水平茎(匍匐茎和根状茎)和成熟的叶鞘叶片堆积起来而形成的,处于地表与绿色植物之间的半分解半腐烂状态的有机物。枯草层广泛存在于草坪生态系统中,其厚度会直接影响草坪质量、使用年限以及弹性、缓冲和耐践踏能力等运动质量,采取适当的措施减少枯草层的积累或加快枯草层的降解十分必要。本文结合国内外相关文献,对草种选择、修剪、打孔取心、垂直刈割、紫外线辐射、氮肥、石灰、杀虫剂、杀菌剂、生长延缓剂、蚯蚓、微生物、酶、生物材料等与枯草层的关系进行了归纳综述,并从改良土壤物化性质,改变土壤所含营养物质含量与比例,提高土壤中动物、微生物和酶的数量和活性3个方面阐述了这些措施影响枯草层降解的机理。

Thatch refers to the semi-decomposed and semi-decaying organic matter between the surface and green plants,which is formed through accumulation of the roots,horizontal stems(stolons and rhizomes),and mature leaf sheaths of turfgrass.Thatch exists widely in the lawn ecosystem,and its thickness directly affects the quality and service life of the lawn,as well as its sports quality,such as elasticity,buffer,and trample resistance.Therefore,it is necessary to take appropriate measures to reduce the accumulation of thatch or accelerate the degradation of thatch.We summarized related literature at home and abroad on the relationship between thatch and grass seed selection,cutting,drilling,coring,vertical mowing,ultraviolet radiation,N fertilizer,lime,insecticides,fungicides,growth retardant,earthworm,microbes,enzymes,and biological materials.In this review,we describe the effects of these factors on thatch degradation mechanism from three aspects:improvement of soil physical and chemical properties,effects of soil nutrient content and proportion,and increased number of soil animals,microbes,and active enzymes.