拉萨18个引进燕麦品种主要农艺性状和营养成分的遗传多样性分析

Genetic diversity analysis of the main agronomic traits and nutritional in 18 oat cultivars introduced to Lhasa

为了解在拉萨地区引种的18个燕麦(Avena satica)品种的遗传多样性,对18个农艺性状指标进行了多样性指数分析、聚类分析和主成分分析。结果表明:18个性状的遗传多样性指数范围在1.458~2.054,平均为1.87,遗传多样性丰富,同一性状间差异化大,各性状变异系数大,其中较高的是干草产量(52.354%)、旗叶长(51.946%)。聚类分析将18个燕麦品种分为4类,类群Ⅰ包括11个品种,属于高秆类群。类群Ⅱ包括1个品种,属于高干草产量类群。类型Ⅲ包括2个品种,属高营养、多籽粒型类群。类群Ⅳ包括4个品种,此类群在各个指标中均有较好的表现,是适宜在拉萨地区种植的燕麦品种。主成分分析共提取5个主成分,累计方差贡献率为79.592%,第一因子反映叶产量和种子产量,第二因子反映酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维,第三因子反映粗灰分,第四因子反映茎叶比和粗蛋白。第五因子反映株高。通过构建5个主成分为参数的综合评价模型,计算综合得分,可以筛选出贝勒Ⅱ、牧王、海威为适宜在拉萨地区种植的燕麦品种。

This study aimed to elucidate the genetic diversity of the main agronomic traits in 18 oat(Avena sativa)cultivars introduced to Lhasa.A total of 18 agronomic traits were calculated by diversity analysis,clustering analysis,and principal component analysis.The results showed that the diversity index was from 1.458 to 2.054,and the average diversity index reached 1.87.The introduced oat cultivars showed abundant genetic diversity,showing large differences in the same characteristics and high coefficient of variations in different characteristics.Large coefficients of trait variation were observed for dry grass yield(52.354%)and flag leaf length(51.946%).Based on cluster analysis,18 oats were classified into four groups.GroupⅠincluded 11 different cultivars,that belonged to the high stem group.GroupⅡincluded one cultivar that belonged to the high dry grass yield group.GroupⅢconsisted of two different cultivars that belonged to high nutrition and more grains group.GroupⅣincluded four different cultivars that had better performance in different indicators and suitable for introduction to Lhasa.According to principal component analysis,the first five components(leaf yield and seed yield factor,ADF and NDF factor,ash factor,stem leaf ratio and crude protein factor,and plant height factor)contributed 79.592%to the variation.We constructed a comprehensive evaluation model by using the five principle components and calculated the integrated score,and screened BalerⅡ,Haymaker,and Haiwee as oat cultivars suitable for planting in Lhasa.