蒙古黄芪有效成分对注意缺陷多动障碍模型大鼠行为学及神经递质的影响

Effects of Active Ingredients of Mongolian Astragalus on Behavior and Neurotransmitters in Rats with ADHD

目的研究蒙古黄芪有效成分对注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)模型大鼠行为学及神经递质含量的影响,探讨该药治疗ADHD的可能作用机制。方法4周龄,SHR大鼠40只,Wistar大鼠10只。将SHR大鼠随机分为蒙古黄芪多糖组、蒙古黄芪皂苷组、蒙古黄芪黄酮组和模型对照组,每组10只;Wistar大鼠作为阴性对照组。按10 mL/kg体质量的量灌胃。各治疗组分别施以蒙古黄芪多糖0.15 g·kg^-1、蒙古黄芪皂苷0.15 g·kg^-1、蒙古黄芪黄酮0.13 g·kg^-1;模型对照组和阴性对照组以0.01 mL·g-1生理盐水,连续灌胃4周。观测大鼠行为学及神经递质指标。结果开场实验结果显示:各组与模型对照组比较站立次数、理毛次数、粪便粒数显著减少(P<0.05);蒙古黄芪多糖组和皂苷组轨迹分布趋于阴性对照组,中央停留时间较蒙古黄芪黄酮组少。Morris水迷宫结果显示:模型对照组与阴性对照组相比,穿越平台次数较少、停留时间比率和游程比率增加(P<0.05);蒙古黄芪皂苷组穿越平台次数均大于其他各组(P<0.05)。大鼠血清神经递质检测结果显示:模型对照组与阴性对照组相比,五羟色胺(5-HT)、多巴胺D2受体(DR2)、去甲肾上腺素(NA)含量均降低(P<0.05);各药物组DR2含量均比模型对照组高(P<0.05);蒙古黄芪多糖和皂苷组5-HT、NA、DR2含量显著高于蒙古黄芪黄酮组。结论蒙古黄芪多糖、皂苷提高ADHD模型大鼠血清中的DR2、NA、5-HT含量,可能是治疗ADHD的作用机制之一。

Objective To study the effects of active ingredients of Mongolian Astragalus on behavior and neurotransmitter content of rats with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)and explore the possible mechanism of the drug in the treatment of ADHD.Methods Four weeks old 40 SHR rats and 10 Wistar rats were selected.SHR rats were randomly divided into model control group and Mongolian Astragalus polysaccharide group,Mongolian scutellaria saponin group and Mongolian scutellaria flavonoid group,10 rats in each group.Wistar rats served as the negative control group.The stomach was administered by an amount of 10 mL/kg body weight.Each treatment group was treated with Mongolian Astragalus polysaccharide 0.15 g·kg-1,Mongolian xanthine saponin 0.15 g·kg-1,Mongolian xanthine flavonoid 0.13 g·kg-1,and model control group and negative control group with 0.01 mL·g-1.Saline was administered continuously for 4 weeks.Rat behavior and neurotransmitter indicators were observed.Results The results of the opening experiment showed that the number of standing,grooming and fecal pellets in each group were significantly lower than those in the model control group(P<0.05).The trajectory distribution of the polysaccharide group and saponin group of Astragalus membranaceus tends to be negative control group,and the central residence time was less than that of Mongolian scutellaria flavonoids.Morris water maze results showed that the model control group had fewer crossings,increased residence time ratio and the run ratio compared with those of the negative control group(P<0.05).The number of crossing the platform of the Mongolian saponin group was higher than that of the other groups(P<0.05).Serum neurotransmitter test results showed that the serotonin(5-HT),dopamine D2 receptor(DR2)and norepinephrine(NA)levels were decreased in the model control group compared with those of the negative control group(P<0.05).The DR2 content of each drug group was higher than that of the model control group(P<0.05).The contents of 5-HT,NA and DR2 in polysaccharides and saponins of Astragalus membranaceus were significantly higher than those in Mongolian scutellaria.Conclusion Mongolian Astragalus polysaccharides and saponins can increase the levels of DR2,NA and 5-HT in the serum of ADHD model rats,suggesting that it is one of the treatment mechanisms of ADHD.