妊娠-泌乳母猪钙代谢及调控机理研究进展

Advances in Research on Calcium Metabolism and Regulation Mechanism in Pregnancy-Lactating Sows

母猪的生产性能受很多因素的影响,其中日粮矿物质水平是其主要影响因素之一。钙在调控母猪的生产性能方面发挥着重要的作用。机体钙吸收的方式有3种,即主动转运、被动转运和囊泡运输,激素或者其他影响钙吸收的因素大多是通过调控钙吸收方式进而影响日粮钙的利用率。母猪对日粮钙的利用率直接影响其生产性能的发挥,一方面,适当的日粮钙水平可以促进母猪发挥最大的生产潜能,提高养殖效益;另一方面,当日粮钙水平不足或者钙利用率低时,首先,母猪的生产性能潜力不能充分发挥,如产仔数或活仔数低,仔猪的生长速度慢。其次,母猪由于钙利用不足而导致骨骼疾病的发生,尤其是妊娠后期和哺乳期的母猪,最终使其淘汰率居高不下,这一系列的因素最终导致养殖业的生产效益大幅度降低。近年来,国内外学者针对影响母猪对日粮钙利用率的因素进行了大量的研究,并取得了很大的进展,例如,钙的饲喂时间、日粮钙磷比、维生素、激素和消化道pH均影响母猪对日粮钙的吸收利用。因此,研究母猪钙吸收特征及其影响因素对提高母猪生产性能具有重要的实践意义。作者简述了机体钙吸收的作用机制,同时介绍了影响母猪钙吸收的主要因素,旨在为母猪日粮钙的饲喂提供理论依据。

The performance of sows is affected by many factors,among which dietary mineral level is one of the main factors.Calcium plays an important role in regulating the performance of sows.There are three ways of calcium absorption,i.e.active transport,passive transport and vesicle transport.Hormones or other factors that affect calcium absorption mostly affect the utilization of dietary calcium by regulating calcium absorption.On the one hand,the appropriate dietary calcium level can promote the sow to play the maximum production potential and improve the breeding efficiency;on the other hand,when the dietary calcium level is insufficient or the utilization rate of calcium is low,first of all,the potential production performance of the sow cannot be fully developed,such as the number of litter or live litter is low,and the growth speed of the piglet is slow.Secondly,the lack of calcium utilization in sows leads to the occurrence of bone diseases,especially in the late pregnancy and lactation period,which ultimately leads to a high elimination rate,which ultimately leads to a significant reduction in the production efficiency of the breeding industry.In recent years,scholars at home and abroad have made a lot of research on the factors affecting the utilization of dietary calcium by sows,and made great progress.For example,the feeding time of calcium,the ratio of dietary calcium to phosphorus,vitamins,hormones and pH all affect the absorption and utilization of dietary calcium by sows.Therefore,it is of great practical significance to study the calcium absorption characteristics of sows and the influencing factors to improve the performance of sows.In this paper,the mechanism of calcium absorption in the body and the main factors affecting calcium absorption in sows are briefly introduced in order to provide theoretical basis for the feeding of dietary calcium in sows.