孕妇和新生儿脐血中铅、镉、砷、汞、锰、硒含量及胎盘通透性研究

Study on maternal-fetal status of Pb,Cd,As,Hg,Mn and Se elements and transplacental transfer efficiency

目的了解孕妇和新生儿脐血中铅、镉、砷、汞、锰和硒元素的含量,分析其胎盘通透性。方法于2010年9月至2013年12月在山东省渤海莱州湾某二甲医院,招募符合标准的孕妇及其新生儿为研究对象。共纳入773对孕妇及其新生儿。根据所测定元素的种类,分为汞测定组(595对)、铅测定组(534对)和镉、砷、锰、硒测定组(244对)。问卷调查获得孕妇及新生儿的人口学信息,检测母血和脐血中铅、镉、砷、汞、锰和硒的浓度,并计算各元素的胎盘通透性(某元素脐血浓度/母血浓度);采用Spearman秩相关分析母血和脐血中各元素的相关性。结果773名母亲年龄为(28.34±4.50)岁,孕周为(39.47±1.39)周;773名新生儿出生体重为(3419.47±497.39)g。母血和脐血中铅、镉、砷、汞、锰和硒各元素的中位数浓度分别为31.12和30.02、1.19和0.47、8.05和6.03、0.69和1.26、100.70和105.55、127.25和115.00μg/L。铅、镉、砷、汞、锰和硒的胎盘通透性分别为0.98、0.41、0.73、1.73、0.96和0.91。铅、镉、汞、锰和硒在母血和脐血中均呈正相关,Spearman相关系数分别为0.397、0.298、0.698、0.555和0.285(P值均<0.001)。结论铅、镉、砷、汞、锰和硒元素在母血和脐血中均普遍检出;汞的胎盘通透性较高。

Objective To understand the levels of Pb,Cd,As,Hg,Mn,and Se in maternal and umbilical cord blood,and to explore the transplacental transfer efficiency(TTE).Methods From September 2010 to December 2013,a total of 773 pregnant women and their newborns(Laizhou Bay Birth Cohort)were recruited from a second grade hospital in the south bank of Laizhou Bay,Bohai,Shandong Province.According to different detection methods,the six measured elements are classified into three groups including the Hg measurement group(595 mother?newborn pairs),the Pb measurement group(534 mother?newborn pairs),and the Cd,As,Mn and Se measurement group(244 mother?newborn pairs).The demographic characteristics of pregnant women and their newborns were obtained by the questionnaire.The concentrations of elements in maternal and umbilical cord blood were detected and the TTE of each element(elemental concentration in cord blood/elemental concentration in maternal blood)was calculated.The correlation of elements between maternal and cord blood was analyzed using Spearman′s rank correlation coefficient.Results The mean±SD of maternal age,gestational week and newborn birth weight of 773 mother?infant pairs were(28.34±4.50)years,(39.47±1.39)weeks and(3419.47±497.39)g respectively.The median concentrations of Pb,Cd,As,Hg,Mn and As in maternal and cord blood were 31.12 and 30.02,1.19 and 0.47,8.05 and 6.03,0.69 and 1.26,100.70 and 105.55,127.25 and 115.00μg/L,respectively.The TTE of Pb,Cd,As,Hg,Mn,and Se was 0.98,0.41,0.73,1.73,0.96 and 0.91,respectively.Pb,Cd,Hg,Mn,and Se showed a significant positive correlation between maternal blood and cord blood,with Spearman correlation coefficients of 0.397,0.298,0.698,0.555,and 0.285(all P values<0.001).Conclusion Each element was commonly detected in maternal blood and cord blood.The TTE of Hg was the highest.