银发浪潮下的中国老年人力资源开发

The Development of Human Resources in the Elderly under the Wave of Silver-hair in China

人口老龄化是中国当前及今后很长时期都必须面临的重要问题,充分认识到老年人力资源开发的重要意义,挖掘老年人口红利将成为经济社会发展的新动力。中国拥有规模庞大的老年人力资源,但老年人口实际就业率并不高。影响老年人力资源开发和利用的因素既有社会观念、强制的退休年龄制度等宏观因素,也有老年人的就业意愿、健康状况、受教育程度等微观因素。促进老年人就业,实现老有所为是中国积极应对人口老龄化的重要举措。研究提出如下政策建议:转变社会观念,营造老年人力资源价值观念;重点开发低龄健康老年人力资源;加强对老年人的教育和培训;重视对老年就业的法律保护;改革现有的强制退休年龄制度,实行弹性退休制度。

Population aging is an important issue in China today. Fully recognizing the importance of the development of human resources for the elderly, and taping the dividends of the elderly become a new driving force for China’s economic and social development. China has huge resources for the elderly, however, their actual employment rate is low. Factors affecting the development and use of the elderly human resources include not only macro factors, such as social concepts, the mandatory retirement age system, but also micro ones, such as the elderly’s employment willingness, health status, education level, etc. Thus, promoting employment of the elderly to achieve their goals is an important measure for China to actively respond to the aging of the population. To cope with this situation, hence, this study proposes the following measures: first, to change the social concept and establish the value of the elderly’s human resources;second, to focus on the development of resources for the healthy elderly;third, to strengthen the education and training of the elderly;fourth, to attach importance to the legal protection of the elderly employment;and fifth, to reform the existing mandatory retirement age system, and implement flexible retirement policy and recommendations.