燃放烟花爆竹对自贡市环境空气质量的影响分析

Impact of Fireworks on Ambient Air Quality in Zigong City

利用2016~2019年春节期间自贡市环境空气自动监测系统主要污染物浓度小时及日监测数据,分析燃放烟花爆竹及采取禁燃措施对自贡市空气质量的影响。结果显示:集中燃放烟花爆竹会造成短时空气严重污染,但随着自贡市实行行政辖区内全面禁止销售、燃放烟花爆竹,污染状况明显改善,2019年污染时段在春节期间占比较2016下降45.6%。颗粒物浓度(PM 2.5、PM 10)大幅度下降,2019年春节期间PM 2.5和PM 10均值分别为73μg/m 3和104μg/m 3,2019年春节期间PM 2.5和PM 10均值分别较2016年同期下降了55.2%和51.6%。烟花爆竹对PM 10和PM 2.5浓度影响明显高于SO 2、CO、O 3、NO 2。春节期间有利的气象因素对自贡市污染物的稀释和扩散具有一定的影响,但禁燃烟花爆竹对颗粒物浓度降低起决定性作用。

Based on the hourly and daily monitoring data of the main pollutant concentrations by automatic air monitoring system of Zigong City during the Spring Festival from 2016 to 2019,the impact of setting of fireworks and the adoption of no-burn measures on air quality of Zigong City were analyzed.The results showed that the concentration of fireworks will cause serious air pollution in a short period of time.However,with the total ban on sales and fireworks in the administrative area of Zigong City,the pollution status has improved significantly.In 2019,the pollution period declined 45.6%compared to 2016 during the Spring Festival.The particulate matter concentration(PM 2.5,PM 10)has dropped significantly.The mean values of PM 2.5 and PM 10 during the Spring Festival of 2019 were 73μg/m and 104μg/m 3,respectively During the Spring Festival of 2019,the average values of PM 2.5 and PM 10 decreased by 55.2%and 51.6%,respectively,compared with the same period of 2016.The influence of fireworks on the concentration of PM 10 and PM 2.5 is significantly higher than that of SO 2,CO,O 3 and NO 2.The favorable meteorological factors during the Spring Festival have certain influence on the dilution and diffusion of pollutants in Zigong City.However,the ban on burning fireworkrs plays a decisive role in reducing the concentration of particulate matter.