江苏省稻田杂草的发生现状与防控建议

Status of Damage and Control Strategy for Paddy Field Weeds in Jiangsu Province

水稻是江苏省主要的粮食作物,常年栽种面积约为220万hm^2,其栽种方式已经由传统的人工移栽转变为机械化移栽和直播种植。杂草是影响水稻高产稳产的主要生物因子,目前江苏省稻田杂草发生种类多、数量大、出苗时间长、危害严重,草害已经成为威胁江苏省水稻安全生产的最主要因素。江苏省稻田草害严重的主要原因有以下几点:(1)水稻的栽种方式多样,田间生态条件适宜杂草发生;(2)田间管理粗放,化除质量没有得到保证;(3)杂草的生态适应性强,气候条件不适宜化除,抗耐药性杂草迅速蔓延。为了解决上述问题,建议采取以下对策:(1)加强调查,监测田间草情;(2)精耕细作,提高农田的平整度和保水性能,并针对田间草情,选用针对性强(主要危害杂草和抗性杂草种群)、抗性风险低、施药适期宽、兼有土壤封闭和茎叶处理作用、持效期长的除草剂品种及配方;(3)在施药前后及时提供除草剂充分发挥药效的最佳条件基础上,适期选用高效、精准施药机械用药,控制稻田草害。

Rice is the main grain crop in Jiangsu Province,with an annual planting area of about 2.2 million hm^2. Rice production has changed from traditional manual transplanting to mechanized transplanting or direct seeding. Weeds are the main biological factors that affect rice yield. Several weed species infest paddy fields in Jiangsu Province at very high densities and emerging over long periods;the damage they inflict has become the most important factor threatening the safe production of rice in Jiangsu Province. The main reasons for serious weeds damage in paddy fields are as following: 1) the methods for rice planting are diverse,providing a suitable ecological condition for the weeds;the field management is extensive,resulting in variable chemical control efficacy;2) the weeds have good ecological adaptability,and certain climatic conditions limit the proper use chemical control,while herbicide-resistant weeds spread rapidly. To solve these problems, the following countermeasures are suggested: 1) strengthen the investigation and monitoring of weeds species and the damage status in the fields;2) apply intensive cultivation,improve the evenness and water-holding capacity of farmland,select suitable herbicides and related formula based on the weed infestation of the fields,which is of high-efficacy( control the main harmful weeds and resistant weeds populations),low resistant risk,wide application period,the combining effect of residual and postemergence treatments,and long-term efficacy;3) select high-efficient and precise equipment to timely apply herbicides,providing the suitable conditions before and after the application to ensure herbicide effectiveness for suitable weed control in rice fields.