深部煤矿井下智能化分选及就地充填技术研究进展

Research progress of technologies for intelligent separation and in-situ backfill in deep coal mines in China

我国已探明2 000 m以浅煤炭资源储量中埋深超过千米的储量占53.3%。深部矿井开采处于高应力、高地温、高岩溶水压、高瓦斯以及强烈开采扰动("四高一扰动")的复杂环境,面临着巷硐及采场围岩突变、煤与瓦斯突出等灾害加剧、煤炭提升效率低等难题。科技部于2018年立项开展"深部煤矿井下分选及就地充填关键技术装备研究与示范"的研究,旨在创新与发展深部煤矿井下分选及就地充填理论、技术、装备、标准及工程建设体系。本文紧密围绕深部煤矿充填开采岩层控制,超大断面密集硐室群围岩连锁破坏失稳,井下受限空间煤矸精确分离3个关键科学问题,在系统阐述深部煤矿井下智能化分选及就地充填技术总体框架基础上,详细介绍了目前取得的最新进展。具体包括:深部煤矿井下智能分选及就地充填技术框架体系、井下矸石少量化选择性回采、煤矸全粒级水介精确分离、超大断面硐室围岩失稳机理及控制、深部充填开采岩层控制与新汶矿业集团新巨龙煤矿工程示范建设等6个方面。研发的深部煤矿井下智能化分选及就地充填技术及装备体系可为我国深部煤矿高效生产与绿色矿业发展提供新的技术支撑。

The proven coal reserves to a depth between 1 000 and 2 000 meters account for 53.3% in China. Generally, deep mining is carried out under complex environment characterized with high stress, high ground temperature, high karst hydraulic, high gas and strong mining disturbance("four highs and one disturbance"). It is also facing with many problems, such as sudden change of tunnel, chamber and stope surrounding rock mutation, aggravation of coal and gas outbursts and low efficiency of coal lifting and etc. In 2018, a project of "Deep Coal Mine Underground Separation and In-situ Backfill Key Technology Equipment Research" was approved and established by the Ministry of Science and Technology, aiming to innovate and develop deep coal mine underground separation and in-situ backfill theory, technology, equipment, standards and engineering construction system. This paper closely focused on three key scientific problems: strata control of backfill working face in deep coal mines, the surrounding rock mass failure and the large-scale dense chamber group instability. Based on systematic descriptions of the underground coal mine intelligent separation and in-situ backfill technology, the latest progresses were introduced in detail, including the framework system of intelligent separation and in-situ backfilling technology in deep coal mines, accurate separation of full-size coal and gangue and water medium, instability mechanism and control of surrounding rock of super-large section tunnel, strata control in deep backfill mining as well as the project demonstration construction in Xinjulong coal mine of Shandong Energy Xinwen Mining Group Co Ltd. The intelligent underground separation and in-situ backfill technology and equipment system developed in this research could provide theoretical basis and technical solutions for safe and efficient green mining of deep coal resources in China.