身体素养导向的美国“综合学校体力活动计划”:目标指向、内容组构及运行启示

Physical Literacy-oriented CSPAP:Target Orientation,Content Organization and Operational Enlightenment

美国"综合学校体力活动计划"(CSPAP)以身体素养为导向,以优质的学校体育教学活动为基础,通过提供多样化的体育学习选择,为学生推荐恰当的体力活动量,保障学生拥有良好的身体素养以应对在校学习和步入社会后的工作与生活。运用文献资料法、比较分析法、逻辑推理法等研究方法,对CSPAP的目标指向、内容组构及运行等方面进行了系统研究。研究认为:可以从认识、实践和价值的角度来解释CSPAP广泛开展基于学生身体素养的体力活动的目标指向;CSPAP的内容由身体素养导向的优质体育教学活动、综合性家庭体育活动与社区体育活动、志愿者体育活动、体育课程创新与改革活动、校际间体育比赛活动5部分组成。我国体育课程与教学改革可以借鉴CSPAP的成功运行经验,以丰富学生身体素养培育活动为起点,专注于学生的身体发展,指导学生形成积极的身体素养意识,拓展学生身体素养的研究路径与方法,争取"家、校、社区"的联合支持,在寻求各学科教师携手合作的基础上,共同创设学生身体素养培育的优质环境与场域。

The CSPAP is based on physical literacy and the quality of school physical education activities. By providing a variety of physical learning options,it recommends appropriate physical activity for students to ensure that students have good physical literacy to cope with work and life after studying at school and entering the society. Using literature research methods,comparative analysis methods,logical reasoning methods and other research methods,systematic research on the target orientation,content organization and operation of CSPAP. According to the research,CSPAP can explain the goal of extensive physical activity based on students’ physical literacy from the perspectives of cognition,practice and value. The content of CSPAP is guided by physical literacy,high-quality physical education activities,comprehensive family sports activities and community sports activities. It consists of five parts:volunteer sports activities,physical education curriculum innovation and reform activities,and inter-school sports competitions. Physical education curriculum and teaching reform in China can learn from CSPAP’s successful running experience,enrich the students’ physical literacy activities as the starting point,focus on the students’ physical development,guide students to form positive physical literacy awareness,and expand the research path and method of students’ physical literacy. We will strive for the joint support of"home,school and community"and jointly create a high-quality environment and field for the cultivation of students’ physical literacy on the basis of seeking cooperation from teachers of various disciplines.