我国优秀U19男子篮球运动员内、外线体能评价体系的研究

Physical Fitness Evaluation System for Front Count and Backcount of Chinese Elite U19 Male Basketball Players

目的:建立我国优秀U19男子篮球运动员体能评价体系,认识不同位置运动员的体能特征,为教练员进行选材和训练提供科学依据。方法:通过文献综述、专家访谈、问卷调查、专家德尔菲法、测试法、主成分分析进行指标筛选,通过因子分析加归一化处确定指标权重,通过百分位计数法、加权评分等方法制定评价标准。结果:内线运动员体能指标(权重)为臂展(13.3%)、体重/身高*1 000(10.5%)、最大摄氧量(7.6%)、4×17次折返跑(7.5%)、100 kg硬拉(10.3%)、侧平板支撑(12.5%)、5 m跑(11.9%)、最大原地摸高(6.4%)、坐位体前屈(10.3%)、1RM卧推(9.7%),外线运动员体能指标为身高(11.3%)、体重/身高*1 000(8%)、最大摄氧量(8.6%)、4×17次折返跑(8%)、10 m运球跑(11%)、坐位体前屈(10.2%)、1RM卧推(9.6%)、100 kg硬拉(6.3%)、平板支撑(6.5%)、最大原地摸高(10.6%)、3秒区灵敏(8.8%)。结论:不同位置运动员的共性特征为运动素质指标所占权重最大,长度所占的单个指标权重最大,力量素质的合计权重最大,柔韧、速度、充实度和上肢力量的权重均较高;区别为内线运动员身体形态所占的权重明显更大,躯干(核心)力量、下肢力量和充实度的权重相对较大,外线运动员身体机能的权重明显更大,下肢爆发力的权重相对较大。

Objective:To establish a special physical fitness evaluation system for frontcount and backcount of elite U19 male basketball players in China,to understand the physical characteristics of athletes in different positions,and to provide a scientific basis for identification and training. Methods:the index were selected by literature review,expert interviews,questionnaires,expert Delphi method,test and principal component analysis,the weight of index was determined by factor analysis and normalization,and the evaluation criteria were established by percentile counting and weighted scoring. Result:The physical fitness indexes(weight)of frontcourt involved arm span(13.3%),weight/height×1000(10.5%),maximum oxygen uptake(7.6%),4 ×17 runs(7.5%),100 kg deadlift(10.3%),side plank(12.5%),5-meter sprint(11.9%),CMJ(6.4%),sit-and-reach(10.3%)and 1 RM bench press. Backcourt athletes’ physical fitness indicators involved height(11.3%),weight/height×1000(8%),maximum oxygen uptake(8.6%),4×17 runs(8%),10-meter dribble run(11%),sit-and-reach(10.2%),1 RM bench press(9.6%),100 kg deadlift(6.3%),plunk(6.5%)and CMJ.(10.6%)and lane agility test(8.8%). Conclusions:The common characteristics of athletes in different positions are that the weight of sports quality index is the largest,the weight of length is the largest,the weight of strength quality is the largest,and the weight of flexibility,speed,fullness and upper limb strength is higher. The difference are the weight of body shape of frontcourt athletes is significantly larger,the weight of trunk(core)strength,lower limb strength and fullness of frontcourt athletes is relatively larger,the weight of physical function of backcourt athletes is significantly larger,and the weight of explosive power of lower limbs of backcourt athletes is relatively larger.