沃尔夫的农民研究与马克思主义政治经济学传统

Wolf’s Peasant Research and Marxist Political Economics Tradition

沃尔夫是人类学政治经济学派的代表人物,亦可称之为著名的马克思主义历史人类学家。他以南美、中欧等地田野材料,重点讨论了农民定义、农村类型、农民的结合与阶级划分以及农民革命等问题,从知识传统和方法论运用上都体现了马克思主义政治经济学特点,例如关注人类社会演化的宏观历史,采用生产、商品和世界市场等概念解构乡民社会,坚持普遍联系与发展观等等。这一研究进路中,他与沃勒斯坦、弗兰克等人对话,也给西敏司、斯科特等人极大启发,同时还招致了萨林斯等人的批评。总之,沃尔夫的农民研究影响深远,对其梳理也意义重大。

Eric Wolf is a representative of the anthropological political economics school and can also be called the famous Marxist historical anthropologist.He used field materials in South America,Central Europe and other places to focus on the definition of peasants,the type of rural areas,the combination of peasants and class division,and the peasant revolution.It embodies the characteristics of Marxist political economy in terms of knowledge tradition and methodology application,such as paying attention to the macro history of human society evolution,deconstructing the rural society with the concepts of pro-duction,commodity and world market,adhering to the concept of universal connection and development,etc.In this re-search approach,he talked with Wallerstein,Frank and others,who greatly inspired Mintz,Scott and others,and also at-tracted criticism from Sahlins and others.In a word,Wolf’s research on Peasant is far-reaching,and carding this issue is of great significance.