超声加工技术研究进展

Research Progress of Ultrasonic Machining Technology

超声加工技术依靠瞬时高频振动撞击对工件断续加工,具有极强切削能力的同时,具有较小的宏观切削力,主要用于硬脆材料的精密加工,能提高加工精度和表面质量。首先,阐明了超声加工技术的基本原理及其基本应用范围。其次,综述了超声辅助切削加工技术的研究进展,着重论述了超声辅助铣削净切削时间模型的建立以及模型正确性验证,总结了加工参数对刀具运动轨迹、工件表面质量的影响,阐明了椭圆振动切削能有效抑制切削颤振带来不利影响的原因;探讨了超声辅助磨削技术在加工非金属和金属材料时,对表面质量以及工件表面温度分布的影响;综述了超声辅助钻削技术的切削力和进给速度与普通钻削参数的比较。再者,介绍了超声波加工技术的新发展方向,包括三维椭圆超声振动切削技术、超声ELID复合磨削技术、超声EDM复合加工技术、超声辅助抛光的工作原理及最新研究趋势和能实现的试验效果。最后,总结了目前对超声加工技术及超声辅助或复合技术的研究。

With the ultrasonic machining technology,the intermittent processing of a workpiece relies on the instantaneous high frequency vibration impact.Despite a small macro cutting force,due to its extremely strong cutting capability,the technology is mainly used in the precision processing of hard and brittle materials to improve the processing accuracy and surface quality.Firstly,the basic principle and application scope of ultrasonic machining technology were expounded.Secondly,the research progress of ultrasonic assisted cutting technology was summarized.Afterwards,the establishment and validation of the model for ultrasonic assisted milling net cutting were emphatically presented,along with a discussion on the effects of processing parameters on tool trajectory and workpiece surface quality.The reasons why elliptical vibration cutting could effectively restrain cutting chatter were explained.The various effects of ultrasonic assisted grinding technology on the surface quality and temperature distribution of the workpiece surface in the processing of both metallic and non-metallic materials were discussed. Later, the resulting cutting force and feed speed of ultrasonic assisted drilling technology versus regular drillingparameters were summarized. In addition, the recent development directions of ultrasonic machining technology wereintroduced, including the three-dimensional (3D) elliptical ultrasonic vibration cutting technology, ultrasonic ELID compositegrinding technology, ultrasonic EDM composite processing technology, working principle of ultrasonic assisted polishing, latestresearch trends and experimental results to be achieved. Finally, the current researches on ultrasonic machining technology andultrasonic assisted or composite technology were summarized.