中国边疆经济70年:政策演变与发展挑战

70 Years of China′s Borderland Economy:Policy Evolution and Development Challenge

新中国成立70年来,边疆地区区域政策大致经历了生产力均衡布局、服务沿海优先发展、重视边疆地区经济发展和全面建设边疆地区四个阶段的演变。但从绝对发展水平来看,边疆地区与其他地区尤其是东部地区之间的发展差距依然较大,改革开放以来的“中国奇迹”并未显著扭转边疆地区与其他地区发展差距较大的趋势。而经济发展水平落后、人口流失和生态环境脆弱又成为当前边疆地区实现“跨越式”发展面临的主要挑战。文章作者认为,未来边疆地区应积极抓住区域协调发展的政策机遇,通过积极参与国内区域协作与分工、走绿色发展的新型工业化道路、以城市集群建设为核心增长极、全面扩大沿边开放来实现经济的腾飞。

Since the founding of the People′s Republic of China 70 years ago,the regional policies of border areas have experienced four stages:balanced distribution of productive forces,priority to coastal development,emphasis on economic development in border areas and comprehensive construction of border areas.However,in terms of development levels,the development gap between the border areas and other regions,especially the eastern region,is still large.Since the reform and opening up,"China′s miracle"has not significantly reversed this development trend between the border areas and other regions.The backward level of economic development,population loss and fragile ecological environment have become the main challenges preventing the current border areas from achieving"revolutionary"development.This paper holds that,in the future,border areas should actively seize the opportunities provided by the policy of coordinated regional development and develop its economy by actively participating in the domestic regional cooperation and division of labor,taking the new industrialized road of green development,taking the construction of city clusters as the core growth pole,and comprehensively expanding the opening up along the frontier.