新疆煤矿区瓦斯抽采利用技术现状及展望

Status and prospect of coal mine gas drainage and utilization technology in Xinjiang Coal Mining Area

新疆煤炭及瓦斯资源丰富,是我国能源战略后备基地和煤炭生产力西移的重要承接区,但煤矿瓦斯抽采利用规模小、技术水平低,与其煤炭开采量极不匹配。通过对国内外煤矿瓦斯抽采、利用技术领域科学研究与工业应用进展的调研分析,根据不同浓度瓦斯的利用技术差异,将瓦斯浓度更科学地精确划分为5级。新疆煤矿区产出瓦斯主要为乏风瓦斯、巷道瓦斯钻孔抽采的特低-低浓度瓦斯,乏风瓦斯的科学利用技术方向为蓄热氧化发电,而钻孔抽采瓦斯因其地域的不同存在瓦斯浓度的差异,库拜、阜康、艾维尔沟等地区的低浓度瓦斯适宜燃气内燃机发电,其他矿区的特低-低浓度瓦斯适宜作为掺混气源与乏风掺混后蓄热氧化发电。对瓦斯抽采利用的瓦斯治理需求与严峻环保形势进行剖析,借鉴国内高阶煤地区成熟的瓦斯治理模式,根据新疆急倾斜、侏罗系中低煤阶地质条件下的瓦斯赋存与产出特点分析,建立了适用于新疆各主要煤矿区的"浅部采煤、深部排水采气,中部采空区卸压影响带抽采煤系气"的立体抽采模式,提出通过三维地质建模手段实现采煤、采气、排水过程的动态管理,优化采煤、采气的合理时序,为新疆煤矿区的瓦斯综合抽采利用提出技术方向、抽采模式等科学建议。

Xinjiang is rich in coal and gas resources and is an important base for China’s energy strategy reserve base and coal production westward shift.However,coal mine gas drainage and utilization is small in scale and low in technical level,which is extremely mismatched with its coal mining volume.Through the investigation and analysis of the progress of scientific research and industrial application in the field of gas extraction and utilization in coal mines,according to the difference in the utilization technology of different concentrations of gas,the gas concentration is more scientifically and accurately divided into five levels.The output gas in Xinjiang coal mining area is mainly ventilation air methane and ultra low-low concentration gas.The scientific utilization technology of ventilation air methane is regenerative oxidation power generation,and the drainage gas has a difference in gas concentration due to its geographical difference.The low concentration gas is suitable for gas-fired internal combustion engines in Kubai,Fukang,Aiweiergou areas.The ultra-low-low concentration gas in other mining areas is suitable as a mixed gas source of ventilation air methane for regenerative oxidative power generation.According to the analysis of gas occurrence and output characteristics of steep slope and Jurassic medium-low coal rank geological conditions in Xinjiang,this paper proposes a three-dimensional development model which is suitable for major coal mining areas in Xinjiang.The model applies shallow coal mining,deep gas production,and central coal gas development.Through 3 D geological modeling,the method realizes the dynamic management of coal mining,gas production and drainage,and optimizes the timing of coal mining and gas production.This paper provides scientific reference such as technical direction and extraction mode for the comprehensive extraction and utilization of gas in Xinjiang coal mining area.