国际体育赛事中的人权责任与适用标准

Responsibility and Applicable Standard of Human Rights Violations in the International Sports Events

国际体育赛事中频繁出现的人权争端对国际体育赛事的利益攸关方提出了挑战,但国际体育赛事中的人权责任不能仅仅归咎于体育组织,而应当由多方当事人组成的赛事组织共同承担。传统上解决体育争端的国际体育仲裁院并不是解决国际体育赛事中运动员人权争端以外的其他人权争端的合理机构。无论是国家法院、区域人权法院还是体育仲裁院处理人权争端,原则上都要将《联合国工商业和人权指导原则》作为衡量当事各方人权责任的标准,国际体育组织也应当在赛事的申办、筹办和主办过程中将该原则作为衡量当事各方遵守人权的标准之一。

Frequently reported human rights violations in international sports events posed challenges to stakeholders in international sports,but human rights responsibilities not only attributed solely to sports organizations,but also to sports events’organizers composed of multiple parties.The Court of Arbitration for Sport,which traditionally deals with sports-related disputes,is not suitable for solving other human rights disputes in international sports governance.Whatever such human rights disputes belong to the jurisdiction of a national court,a regional human rights court or the Court of Arbitration for Sport,in principle,the Unit ed Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights should be applied,and it should also be used as one standard to examine the compliance of all par ties with human rights norms before,during and after international sports events.