米老排培育技术及其应用研究进展

Research Advances on Mytilaria laosensis Breeding Techniques and Its Application

米老排属金缕梅科壳菜果属植物,是我国南方珍贵的乡土阔叶树种,因具有生长快、材质优良、观赏、生态价值较高等特点而备受青睐。米老排主要分布于云南的东南部、广西及广东的西部,浙江、福建、江西等省也有引种栽培,其喜温暖湿润气候,有一定耐寒能力,垂直分布在海拔250~800 m的低山、丘陵中下部和沟谷两旁的天然林中。米老排以种子繁殖为主,宜随采随播。米老排一般可与杉木、火力楠、南酸枣等进行混交造林,采用1年生实生苗造林,密度一般在1110~1650株·hm-2之间,并根据林分生长情况进行及时间伐和抚育,才能最大限度地提高人工林的生产力。坡位对杉木、米老排混交林生长量影响较明显,混交林中杉木和米老排的生长量均呈现下坡>中坡>上坡的变化规律。米老排病害病原物有19种,常见病害有球毡病、角斑病等;常见的害虫有刺蛾、袋蛾和蝗虫等。米老排木材为散孔材,木材硬度和强度中等,易加工,不劈裂,切面平整;木材耐用不受虫蛀,色泽美观,适宜作建筑、室内装修、家具、木地板等用材;可作为纸浆和纤维板的优质原料。米老排不仅是一种速生优良珍贵用材树种,而且还是一种具有潜力的饲料资源,同时可作为园林绿化树种以及行道树。随着天然林保护工程的实施,我国优质用材供求矛盾日益凸显,尤其是珍贵阔叶材的来源基本依赖进口;另一方面广东地区实施低效林改造工程,急需优良乡土用材树种替代部分外来树种。因此,米老排的培育与开发利用,既有利于米老排天然资源的保护,又促进米老排资源的高效开发利用,同时也为低产低效林改造工程和木材战略储备基地建设提供优良树种。

Mytilaria laosensis,belonged to the family Hamamelidaceae,is an important broad-leaved tree species indigenous to the tropical and subtropical areas of south China due to its rapid growth,good wood quality,its high ecological and high ornamental value.M.laosensis is mainly distributed in areas of southeast Yunnan,Guangxi and western Guangdong.M.laosensis was also introduced to areas of Zhejiang,Fujian,Jiangxi and so on,and was suitable for warm and humid climate,with cold tolerance.M.laosensis is distributed in natural forests of low mountains,hills and valleys.The main reproductive technology of Mytilaria laosensis was seed reproduction,and the seeds of M.laosensis were suitable for sowed soon after collecting.M.laosensis can generally be mixed with Cunninghamia lanceolata,Michelia macclurei,Choerospondias axillaris for afforestation,using 1-year-old seedling afforestation.In order to improve the productivity of plantations,the forest was timely thinned and tended according to the growth.The results showed that slope position affected signifi cantly on the growth and biomass of C.lanceolata plantation and its mixed forest with M.laosensis.The growth and biomass of C.lanceolata plantation and its mixed forest with M.laosensis in different slope position increasing progressively respectively as:lower slope>middle slope>upper slope.There were 19 kinds of pathogens in plant disease,the common diseases were gall mite,Pseudomonas lachrymans and so on.The common pests were Cryptorhelea variegata and locusts,etc..Wood of M.laosensis was diffuse-porous wood.The tree possesses the characters of fast growing,long fi bbers,straight grain,fi ne texture,easy processing,cut off,color beautiful,durable timber.It was suitable for construction,interior decoration,furniture,wood fl ooring and other materials,and could be used as raw materials for pulp and fi berboard.M.laosensis was not only an excellent and rare plant for fast growing,but also a kind of plant for animal fodder,a kind of plant for landscaping.With the implementation of natural forest protection project,the contradiction between supply and demand of high quality wood in China was becoming more and more prominent,especially the source of precious broad-leaved wood was basically dependent on import;on the other hand,the implementation of low efficiency forest reconstruction project in Guangdong area urgently needed some excellent native wood trees to replace some exotic trees.Therefore,the cultivation and development and utilization of M.laosensis were not only benefi cial to the protection of natural resources of M.laosensis,but also promoted the effi cient development and utilization of M.laosensis resources.At the same time,it also provided an excellent tree for the transformation of low-yield and low-effi ciency forests and the construction of timber strategic reserve base.