辽东山区野生黄花乌头人工繁育及林下栽培技术

Artificial Breeding and Under Forest Cultivation Techniques of Wild Aconitum in Liaodong Mountain Area

黄花乌头是中医临床常用药材,中药名为关白附。近年来,随着中医药行业的发展,其市场供不应求。黄花乌头野生资源分布范围较窄,加之近年的过度采挖,造成黄花乌头野生资源锐减,品质下降,几近枯竭;而传统人工栽培,管理不科学,无法保障品质,不被市场认可。对此,为了有效保护辽东山区重要的野生黄花乌头资源,满足日益增长的中草药材市场需求,辽东山区通过选取优质野生种源,进行人工繁育,再利用取得的种子开展林下栽培的方法,实施人工模仿黄花乌头野生环境,并加强保护,以生产出优质黄花乌头用于中医药产业。为此,针对野生种源人工繁育和林下栽培两个方面的技术要点进行了阐述,其具体技术环节有人工繁育方面为主的选地、整地、种根采集、栽植方法、田间管理、病虫害防治等,在林下栽培方面主要有选地、种子处理、整地清场、播种、栽培管理、采收、病虫害防治等关键技术。并同时对主要技术数据进行了直接表述,为实际生产提供了科学的数据需求。特别是在林下栽植上提出选择天然阔叶林、郁闭度0.6~0.8之间、坡度在10~25°之间、阳坡或半阳坡的林下栽植效果最好,在播种上提出使用点播和条播两种方法,在栽培药肥管理上提出不打药、施肥等措施,为辽东山区中草药材种植产业良性发展提供了科学、可靠的技术依据。由此得出,野生黄花乌头完全可以实现人工繁育及林下栽培,这是现阶段野生黄花乌头发展的重要途径。

Aconitum is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine in clinical practice(named“Guan Bai Fu”).In recent years,with the development of traditional Chinese medicine industry,its market is in short supply.The narrow distribution of wild resources and the excessive excavation in recent years have resulted in a sharp decrease in wild resources and a decline in quality for aconitum,which is almost exhausted.However,the traditional artifi cial cultivation with unscientifi c management can not guarantee the quality,which is not recognized by the market.Therefore,in order to effectively protect the valuable wild aconitum resources in Liaodong mountain area and to meet the increasing market demand of Chinese herbal medicine,high-quality wild provenances have been selected to perform artificial breeding in Liaodong mountain area.Then the method of cultivation under forests is adopted to artifi cially imitating the wild environment of aconitum and enhancing the protection,so as to produce high quality aconitum for the traditional Chinese medicine industry.This paper highlights two technical key points including artificial breeding of wild provenances and cultivation under forests.The specifi c technical links include land selection,land preparation,root collection,planting methods,fi eld management,pest control and so on.In the cultivation under forests,there are key techniques such as land selection,seed treatment,clearing,sowing,cultivation management,harvesting,pest control and so on.Meanwhile,the main technical data are described directly in this paper,providing scientifi c data for actual production.Especially,it is proposed that natural broad-leaved forests with canopy density 0.6-0.8,slope between 10°-25°and sunny slope or semi-sun slope have the best planting effect.The methods of on-demand and strip sowing are put forward and the measures of no-dressing and fertilization are put forward in the management of cultivated medicinal fertilizer,which provide scientifi c and reliable technical basis for the benign development of Chinese herbal planting industry in Liaodong mountain area.It is concluded that the wild aconitum can be achieved through artifi cial breeding and cultivation under forests,which is an important way to develop wild aconitum at present.