炮制工艺对何首乌品质影响的研究现状与思考

Research status and consideration on the effects of processing technology on the quality of Polygonum multiflorum

炮制工艺可改变中药材原有的有效成分和药理作用,对中药材的质量产生重要的影响。何首乌是蓼科植物何首乌的干燥块根,具有解毒消痈,润肠通便的功效,为临床常用药物。从古至今,何首乌的炮制工艺多种多样,常用的炮制方法有黑豆汁制、清蒸、高压炮制、发酵制法。何首乌炮制工艺和处理不当,会影响使用过程中的毒副作用,增加何首乌肝损伤的风险。研究表明,何首乌中引起肝毒性的主要成分为蒽醌类成分和鞣质类成分,何首乌的主要有效成分二苯乙烯苷则会改变蒽醌类成分、鞣质类成分的毒性的作用。本文归纳总结了不同的炮制方法对何首乌中的化学成分、药理作用和临床应用的影响,分析不当炮制工艺影响何首乌肝损伤毒性的原因,并对现有炮制工艺进行了梳理,以期为何首乌炮制工艺的优化及合理选用提供一定的参考。

The processing technology can change the original active ingredients and pharmacological effect of traditional Chinese herbal medicines,and has an important impact on the quality of Chinese herbal medicines.Polygonum multiflorum is the dry tuber of polygonum multiflorum,which has the functions of detoxification,carbuncle elimination,bowel moistening and defecation,and is a commonly used in clinical medicine.Since ancient times,the processing technologies of polygonum multiflorum are various,the common processing methods include black bean juice,steaming,high pressure processing and fermentation.Improper processing technology and treatment of polygonum multiflorum would aggravate the toxic and side effects in the use process and increase the risk of liver injury of polygonum multiflorum.The research showed that anthraquinones and tannins were the main components causing hepatotoxicity in polygonum multiflorum,while distyrene glycosides,the main active components of polygonum multiflorum,changed the toxicity of anthraquinones and tannins.This paper summarized different processing methods on chemical composition,pharmacological action and clinical application in polygonum multiflorum,analyzed the impact of improper processing technology of polygonum multiflorum toxicity of liver damage reason.This paper analyzes the existing processing technology,in order to provide some reference for the optimization and reasonable selection of processing technology of polygonum multiflorum.