产业扶贫改善贫困户境遇的机制研究——基于山西省的调研

Research on the mechanism of situation improvement of the poor through industrial poverty alleviation——based on the investigation in Shanxi Province

产业扶贫是反贫困干预的重要举措,也是旨在改善贫困户境遇的政策安排。基于对山西省的调研,产业扶贫体现出对特定改善路径的支持,即政府将财政资金委托给新型农业经营主体,由其带动贫困户脱贫,这是基于考核压力和快速启动扶贫的考虑,由此,带来改善的张力和结果。在媒体和官方叙事中,土地流转、打工机会、市场获益等是产业扶贫带动贫困户的重要表现,然而,此类表述未必属实。产业扶贫将贫困户整合到产业链中,但贫困户自我发展能力未得到培育。改善贫困户的机制仅仅是涓滴效应的机制。扶贫产业形成对贫困户发展空间的挤压,造成隐性剥夺。而鉴于脱贫任务重,地方政府无暇开展围绕产业的制度建设和长期培育工作,财政资金及其形成的资产面临流失的风险。后脱贫时代的关键工作是农村社会建设和农户自主性培育,以及围绕产业和资金出台管理措施并加强风险防控。这样,才能实现“巩固脱贫成果”的长远改善目标。

Industrial poverty alleviation is an important measure of anti-poverty intervention,and also a policy arrangement aimed at improving the situation of poor households.Based on an investigation in Shanxi Province,the industrial poverty alleviation embodies the support for specific improvement path,that is,the government entrusts financial funds to the new types of agricultural operators to drive the poor households out of poverty.This is based on the assessment pressure and the consideration of quick start of poverty alleviation,thus bringing about driving force and improvement.In the media and official reports,land circulation,employment opportunities and market benefit,etc.are important manifestations of poverty alleviation driven by industry.However,such statements are not necessarily true.Industrial poverty alleviation integrates poor households into the industrial chain,but their self-development ability has not been fostered.The improving mechanism only has a trickle-down effect.The formation of poverty alleviation industries squeezes the development space of poor households,thus forming implicit deprivation.Due to the heavy task of poverty alleviation,local governments are too busy to carry out institutional construction and long-term cultivation around the industry;meanwhile,financial funds and assets may face a risk of loss.In the post-poverty era,the key work is rural social construction and cultivation of autonomy of rural households,as well as the introduction of management measures around industries and funds,and strengthening risk prevention and control.Only in this way can the long-term improvement goal of"consolidating the achievements of poverty eradication"be achieved.