神华呼伦贝尔矿区生态环境动态分析

Dynamic analysis of ecological environment in Shenhua Hulunbeier mining area

为科学分析神华集团资源整合后资源开发对草原生态环境的影响以保护矿区生态环境及实现矿区土地资源可持续利用与煤炭资源绿色开发,基于遥感检测技术并在充分收集呼伦贝尔矿区开发以来积累的各类地理、地质、环境等调查资料和专题研究成果的基础上,通过统计分析区域土地利用类型、植被覆盖度、土壤侵蚀强度3个因子,评价2002年至2017年间呼伦贝尔地区生态环境动态变化,对矿区生态环境进行综合评价分析。研究结果表明,总体上16年来呼伦贝尔区域生态环境状况持续为一般,2002~2006年生态环境状况恶化,2007~2012年有所改善,2013~2017年则继续变好。2002~2017年期间区内土地利用类型结构发生了较大变化,主要表现在耕地先增后减再增,草地先减后增再减、林地和城镇工矿用地持续增加。植被覆盖总体变化趋势为植被覆盖区持续减少、2002~2012年期间高覆盖度植被持续减少,中、低覆盖度植被逐步增加;而2013~2017年期间高覆盖度植被迅速增加,中、低覆盖度植被减少。土壤侵蚀总体变化趋势是中度侵蚀先增后减,轻度侵蚀先减后增;轻微侵蚀先减后增再减,总体呈减少的特趋势;其他侵蚀等级整体变化不大。

In order to protect the ecological environment of mining area,and realize the sustainable use of mining area land resources and green development of coal resources,the impact of resource development on the grassland ecological environment after the integration of resources of Shenhua Group was analyzed scientifically,this paper is based on remote sensing technology,and fully collects various survey data and topics of geography,geology and environment accumulated since the development of Hulunbeier mining area.On the basis of the research results,through statistical analysis of 3 factors(regional land use types,vegetation coverage,soil erosion intensity),the dynamic changes of the ecological environment in Hulunbeier area from 2002 to 2017 were evaluated,and the comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the ecological environment of the mining area was carried out.The results show that,in the past 16 years,the ecological environment of Hulunbeier area has continued to be general.From 2002 to 2006,the ecological environment has deteriorated,and it has improved from 2007 to 2012,and it has continued to improve in 2013-2017.During the period from 2002 to 2017,the land use type structure in the area has undergone big changes,mainly in the first increase and then increase in cultivated land.The grassland is reduced first,then increased and then reduced,and the land for forestry and urban construction continues to increase.The overall trend of vegetation cover is that the vegetation coverage area continues to decrease,secondly,the high-coverage vegetation continues to decrease during the period from 2002 to 2012,and the medium-and low-coverage vegetation gradually increases.The high-coverage vegetation increases rapidly during the period from 2013 to 2017.Low coverage vegetation is reduced.The overall trend of soil erosion is that the moderate erosion increases first and then decreases,the mild erosion decreases first and then increases;the slight erosion first decreases,then increases and then decreases,the overall reduction trend is shown;other erosion levels have little changed overall.