乡村振兴背景下农村劳动者过度劳动问题研究

Study on the Overwork of Rural Laborers under the Background of the Strategy of Rural Revitalization

农村劳动者的就业状况和就业质量,是我国乡村振兴战略的重要关切。基于2016年中国劳动力动态调查数据(CLDS),通过建立有序Probit和有序Logit模型,实证分析了中国农村劳动者的过度劳动现象及其影响因素。研究结果表明:中国农村普遍存在过度劳动的现象,过度劳动人数占比达53.6%;劳动者的过劳现象在不同性别、年龄、婚姻状况、工作环境以及家庭因素的影响下存在明显的异质性。收入是影响农村劳动者过度劳动的最主要原因,随着收入水平的提高,农村劳动者过度劳动的现象明显增强,农村劳动者收入增加的替代效应大于收入效应。在乡村振兴战略的实施过程中,政府应该从农村基础教育、社会保障体系以及劳动力市场规范等方面入手,减轻农村劳动者过度劳动现象。

The employment status and quality of rural laborers is an important concern of China’s rural revitalization strategy.Based on China labor dynamics survey data(CLDS)in 2016,this paper empirically analyzes the phenomenon of overwork of Chinese rural workers and its influencing factors.The results show that the phenomenon of overwork is widespread in rural China,and the proportion of overwork is up to 53.6%.Under the influence of different gender,age,marital status,working environment and family factors,the phenomenon of overwork has obvious heterogeneity.Income is the most important reason affecting the overwork of rural laborers.With the increase of income level,the phenomenon of excessive labor of rural laborers is obviously enhanced,and the substitution effect of the increase of rural laborers’income is greater than the income effect.In the process of implementing the rural revitalization strategy,the government should start from rural basic education,social security system,labor market norms and other aspects to reduce the phenomenon of excessive labor of rural workers.