新疆7种微生境的土壤甲螨多样性特征

Diversity characteristics of soil oribatid mites in 7 microenvironments in Xinjiang

为研究土壤微生境对干旱区极端环境土壤甲螨群落结构和多样性的影响,2018年3、6、10、12月中旬采用样线法和Tullgren法对吐鲁番盆地托克逊县7种微生境(防护林SF、杏园AG、葡萄园VY、耕地FL、菜地VF、草地GL、苜蓿地AF)的土壤甲螨进行调查。结果显示,共捕获甲螨11 752只,隶属于34科44属,其中合若甲螨属(Zygoribatula)和长单翼甲螨属(Protoribates)为优势类群,占总数的65.94%。不同微生境的土壤甲螨个体数量、类群数量和多样性指数有显著差异(P<0.05),个体数依次为SF>AG>AF>VY>VF>GL>FL,类群数为SF>GL>AG>VY>AF>VF=FL,多样性指数为FL>VY>GL>SF>VF>AG>AF。7种微生境下,甲螨群落的相似性为中等不相似(0.25~0.50)。MGP分析Ⅰ表明,甲螨群落基本上为O型;MGP分析Ⅱ表明,甲螨群落均属于P型。本研究表明土壤微生境对甲螨群落的生态分布有着显著影响。

The Oribatida is the most abundant and diverse group of mites and one of the most abundant groups of invertebrates in soil, which is important for the decomposition of organic matter. In order to explore the effects of soil microhabitats on the structure and diversity of soil oribatid mite communities under extremely environment in arid land in Northwest China, soil samples were taken from each microhabitat from March, June, October to December in 2018, and were processed for Oribatida extraction in the modified Berlese-Tullgren extractor. A total of 11 752 adult soil oribatid mites were captured and classified into 44 genera, 34 families. Among them, Zygoribatula and Protoribates were the dominant groups, and accounted for 65.94% of the total collections. There were significant(P<0.05) differences in number of individuals, groups and diversity index of the soil Oribatida communities under different microhabitats. The order of individuals of the soil Oribatida in different microhabitats were SF>AG>AF>VY>VF>GL>FL, the order of groups quantity was SF>GL>AG>VY>AF>VF=FL and the order of diversity index was FL>VY>GL>SF>VF>AG>AF, respectively. The similarities among different microhabitats belonged to moderate dissimilarity(0.25-0.50). The results of MGP analysisⅠindicated that soil Oribatida communities in the area mainly belonged to O pattern, yet MGP analysisⅡindicated that soil Oribatida communities belonged to P pattern. In general, the soil microhabitats exerted an important impact on the ecological distribution of oribatid mite communities in the arid region.