国外体育素养研究热点、演化趋势及展望

Hotspot,Evolution Trend and Prospects of Physical Literacy in Foreign Countries

探索国外体育素养研究的前沿热点,梳理该领域发展的演进脉络,对我国体育素养研究提出展望。以WOS数据库2000-2018年收录的以体育素养为研究要旨的共80篇国外文献为数据源,运用Citespace V知识图谱可视化分析软件对文献进行科学计量分析。蓄力期(2000-2015年)以M Whitehead、IPLA、SHAPE America、Aspen建立的四大学说为主体,以“厘清内涵概念、构建外延架构”为主题;井喷期(2016-2018年)以针对正常儿童、残障儿童、疾病儿童的研究为主体,以“聚焦应用层面,关注不同人群”为主题。国外体育素养研究在整体上形成了构建家庭、社区、个体“三位一体”的身体活动模式、以体育教育手段实现“学生主体”式体育素养精准培养、以运动技能为基点拓展体育素养研究空间三大热点板块,且美国、澳大利亚、加拿大的研究重点和具体内容各不相同。新时代我国体育素养的研究重点应聚焦并服务于体育素养与健康素养的深度融合、与国民体质健康相契合的体育素养测评体系和针对不同人群的体育素养发展路径。

A total of 80 foreign papers on physical literacy from 2000 to 2018 collected in WOS database were used to conduct scientific metrological analysis of the literatures by using Citespace V to explore the hot spots of researches centered on physical literacy and provide references for physical literacy research in China.The period from 2000 to 2015 was dominated by the four theories established by M.Whitehead,IPLA,Shape America and Aspen,with the aim of clarifying the connotation,concept and constructing the connotation system.The period from 2016 to 2018 focused on the researches on normal children,disabled children and children with diseases,with the aim of focusing on the theoretical application and people of different groups.Physical literacy researches in the foreign countries were mainly on construction of three-in-one physical activity pattern including family,community and individual,accurate and student-oriented training of physical literacy through physical education,and physical literacy based on motor skills.The research emphases were different in the U.S.,Australia and Canada.In the new era,the research focus of physical literacy in China should focus on the deep integration of physical literacy and health literacy,the evaluation system of physical literacy compatible with national physical health and the establishment of standards for various population.