沈周与吴门书派研究——以文人隐逸精神为视角

A Study of Shen Zhou and Wu Calligraphic School:In the Perspective of Literati Recluse Spirit

本文以探析沈周的文人隐逸精神为切入点,进而研究吴门书派的书家在讲求"士气"基础上崇尚淡泊隐逸的文人志趣,并引申出有关吴门书派"隐逸精神"的特征分析和吴门书家"不仕而隐""隐于司官""治世隐居,关乎己身"和"隐不拘于形迹"的多重表现。在此基础上进而探讨吴门书家隐逸精神中的独立自由和求真之风,塑造了吴门书派书法的多样发展和变革精神,展现出吴门书派艺术风格的自然天成。以沈周为代表的吴门书派的隐逸精神特征中,既有吴门书家以身示隐的"显性"线索,又包含吴门书家因其意志精神、士人担当、性情志趣综合起来所暗含的"隐性"的隐逸传统,表现出吴门书派隐逸精神的复合性。本文进而探讨文人隐逸精神与吴门书派艺术价值的生成。

This article,beginning with Shen Zhou,a representative model of Wu school,studies calligraphers of Wu school pursuing a recluse life style yet living with literary temperament.It is argued that the recluse spirit of Wu calligraphic school has different interpretations including"refusing to enter the government bureaucracy","being a hermit and an official at the same time","concerning others while being introspective"and"being recluse without justification".Furthermore,this article suggests that the individualism and self-expression included in the recluse spirit of Wu scholars have an important effect on the diverse development and the emergence of innovation spirit of Wu calligraphic school.In addition,it shows that the recluse spirit of Wu school,epitomized by Shen Zhou,intertwines the explicit hermitic practices of Wu scholars and the implicit eremite tradition embodying their spirit,aspiration and interest.It is concluded by looking at the complex representation that opens a substantial dialogue between literati recluse spirit and the artistic value of Wu calligraphic school.