重庆市渝东南少数民族地区182例学龄前期急性呼吸道腺病毒感染患儿的特征及基因分型研究

Characteristics and genotyping of 182 preschool children with acute respiratory adenovirus infection in southeast minority areas of Chongqing

目的调查重庆市渝东南少数民族地区182例学龄前期急性呼吸道腺病毒(ADV)感染患儿的特征及基因分型情况。方法对2018年1月~2019年1月重庆市渝东南少数民族地区来医院就诊的182例学龄前期急性呼吸道ADV感染患儿的资料进行回顾性分析,调查其流行病学特征以及基因分型情况,包括性别、年龄、地区、季节、家庭收入、临床表现、感染途径、混合感染情况和ADV基因型别。结果男性(51.65%)占比与女性(48.35%)占比基本一致;"3岁≤年龄<4岁"年龄段占比最高(47.25%);市区占比高于县区,黔江区占比77.47%;季节分布中以春季(40.66%)和冬季(37.36%)高发;低收入家庭(<3000元)占比最高(67.03%);临床表现分布中发热占比最高(98.90%),其次为咳嗽(56.04%);感染途径以空气传播(61.54%)为主;与鼻病毒混合感染者占比最高(13.19%);ADV检出率B组(66.49%)最高,其中HAdV-3占比最高(54.40%)。结论重庆市渝东南少数民族地区急性呼吸道ADV感染多发于市区、"3岁≤年龄<4岁"年龄段、低收入家庭儿童,春季高发,临床表现中主要为发热、咳嗽,主要通过空气传播,以HAdV-3感染为主,部分患者存在混合感染情况。

Objective To investigate the characteristics and genotyping of 182 preschool children with acute respiratory adenovirus infections in the southeastern minority areas of Chongqing.Methods A retrospective analysis of 182 preschool children with acute respiratory adenovirus infections in the southeastern minority areas of Chongqing from 2018 to 2019 were conducted to investigate epidemiological characteristics and genotyping,including gender and age,region,season,family income,clinical manifestations,routes of infection,mixed infections and ADV genotypes.Results The proportion of males(51.65%)and females(48.35%)were basically the same.The children aging from 3 years old to 4 years old had the highest proportion(47.25%).The proportion of urban area was higher than that of rural area,and Qianjiang District accounted for 77.47%.Spring(40.66%)and winter(37.36%)were higher in seasonal distribution.The low-income households(<3000 yuan)accounted for the highest proportion(67.03%).The clinical manifestations of fever was the highest(98.90%),followed by cough(56.04%).The route of infection was mainly airborne(61.54%).The proportion of patients infected with rhinovirus was the highest(13.19%).The detection rate of ADV was highest in the group B(66.49%),among which the proportion of HAdV-3 was highest(54.40%).Conclusion The acute respiratory tract ADV infection in the southeastern minority areas of Chongqing occurs mostly in children with urban areas,and the risk factors include children aging from 3 to 4,low-income families and spring.The main clinical manifestations are fever and cough,mainly through airborne and infected with HAdV-3,some of who have mixed infection.