论孙中山普及教育思想的演进

Discussion on the Evolution of Sun Yat-sen’s Thought of Universal Education

普及教育思想是孙中山教育思想的重要组成部分。在辛亥革命前、民国建立后最初几年和五四后这三个阶段,孙中山的普及教育思想一直在演进,后一阶段均是对前一阶段普及教育思想的丰富和发展。从中看出,随着国内外形势的逐渐变化,孙中山普及教育思想中的空想成分不断减少,而合理因素与可行性成分则日益增加。孙中山晚年之所以把旧三民主义发展为新三民主义,确立联俄、联共、扶助农工三大政策,并非偶然,孙中山普及教育思想不断地演进这一因素在其中也起了一定的推动作用。孙中山的普及教育思想虽然具有一定的局限性,但为以后以毛泽东为代表的中国共产党人思考新中国教育问题和发展新中国教育事业提供了珍贵的思想材料,甚至迄今在新时代中国特色社会主义教育发展中依然具有某些意义。

The universal education thought is the important component of Sun Yat-sen’s education thought.Sun Yat-sen’s thought of universal education was evolving all the time,especially during the following three periods:before the Revolution of 1911,in the first few years after the establishment of the Republic of China,and after the May 4th Movement.In the whole three stages,the latter stages is the enrichment and development of the former stages.It can be seen that,with the gradual changes of the situation at home and abroad,the fantasy of Sun Yat-sen’s universal education thoughts gradually decreased,while the reasonable factors and feasible components increased.It is no coincidence that Sun Yat-sen developed old Three Democracy Righteousness into the new Three Democracy Righteousness in his later years and formulated the three cardinal policies of“allying with the Soviet Union,allying with the Chinese Communist Party and helping the peasants and workers”.The continual evolution of Sun Yat-sen’s thought of universal education also played a certain role in promoting it.Sun Yat-sen’s thought of universal education provided valuable ideological materials for Chinese communists,such as Mao Tse-Tung to think about the educational problems in new China and how to develop the educational cause of new China.Even so far,it still has some enlightening significance in the educational development of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.