极限强度模型试验非线性相似方法研究

Research on Nonlinear Similarity Method for Ultimate Strength Model Test

模型试验法是揭示船体结构逐次崩溃特性最根本、最有效的方法.为使模型试验的结果能准确预报实船的极限强度,模型与原型间须满足相似关系.文中采用理论分析与数值仿真相结合的方法,对试验模型与实船在线性及非线性阶段的相似特性及方法进行了探讨.对加筋板结构在轴向压缩和剪切载荷作用下的逐次崩溃特性进行分析,探讨能代表其崩溃特征的主要特征参数,据此提出结构试验模型与实船非线性相似方法.以开发的宽扁型江海直达集装箱船为研究对象,按照所提出的非线性相似方法设计试验模型,进行弯扭组合载荷下的逐次崩溃试验,并将模型试验得到的极限强度预报至实船,与实船有限元计算结果进行了对比分析.

Model test method is the most fundamental and effective method to reveal the successive collapse characteristics of hull structure.In order for the results of model tests to accurately predict the ultimate strength of a real ship,the model and prototype must meet a similar relationship.In this paper,theoretical analysis and numerical simulation were used to discuss the similar characteristics and methods of the test model and the real ship in the linear and nonlinear stages.The successive collapse characteristics of stiffened plate structures under axial compression and shear loads were analyzed,and the main characteristic parameters that can represent the collapse characteristics were discussed.In addition,a nonlinear similarity method between structural test model and real ship was proposed.Finally,taking the developed flat-type river-sea-going container ship as the research object,the test model was designed according to the proposed nonlinear similarity method,and the successive collapse test under combined bending and torsion load was carried out.The ultimate strength obtained from the model test was predicted to the real ship,and the finite element calculation results of the real ship were compared and analyzed.