促进作用理论在生态修复中的应用进展与发展趋势

Advances and prospects of incorporating facilitation in ecological restoration

在人类活动和气候变化的双重压力下,全球生态系统面临着严重的退化威胁,生态修复已成为通过人为干预来减缓生态系统退化的重要策略之一。物种间的促进作用或正相互作用是构建群落的重要因素,并在生态修复与重建中起到了重要的作用。通过回顾促进作用概念的历史发展,分析了其在生态修复实践中的应用,并归纳总结了其在生态修复应用中的作用机理。研究发现,随着促进作用正式融入主流生态学理论中,促进作用理论得到迅速发展,并在生态修复实践中得到大量的验证及应用。其主要的作用机理主要包括直接或间接的促进作用类型。相对其在陆域生态系统生态修复中的应用,水域生态系统的应用较为缺乏。通过对比促进作用机理、生态系统类型以及国内外研究等方面,展望了在未来的生态修复中应充分发挥物种内部、不同营养级间以及人工模拟促进作用的积极作用,并提出应加强对水域生态系统以及国内的研究,将促进作用广泛应用到生态修复中,为修复退化的生态系统服务。

Under the double pressure of human activities and climate change,global ecosystem is facing serious threat of degradation.Therefore,ecological restoration has become one of the important strategies to reverse the degradation of ecosystem.The facilitation or positive interaction among species is an important factor in community construction and plays an important role in ecological restoration and reconstruction.This paper reviewed the historical development of the concept of facilitation,analyzed its application in the practice of ecological restoration,and summarized its mechanism of action in the application of ecological restoration.We found that the theory of facilitation develops rapidly,and has been applied in the practice of ecological restoration with the formal integration of facilitation into the mainstream ecological theory.The mechanism of facilitation mainly includes direct or indirect types of facilitation.Compared with its application in terrestrial ecosystems restoration,the application in aquatic ecosystem restoration is less.From the aspects of facilitation type,ecosystems studied and the comparison of researches at home and abroad,this paper looked forward to the positive effects of self-facilitation within species,artificial simulation facilitation and inter-trophic facilitation in the future ecological restoration,and proposed to strengthen the research on aquatic ecosystems and domestic,so as to widely apply facilitation in ecological restoration and to serve the restoration of degraded ecosystems.