乳酸菌在肠道内黏附定殖的研究进展

Research progress of lactic acid bacteria colonization in intestine

乳酸菌是一类无芽孢的革兰氏阳性菌,能利用碳水化合物发酵产酸。由于其具有安全高效,易获取的优势,在食品、医疗及动物生产方面得到广泛运用。在动物肠道内,它利用糖类物质,生成酸性代谢物,降低肠道pH,改善肠道微生物环境。要实现乳酸菌在动物体内的良好定殖,首先要实现黏附,而黏附过程主要分为特异性结合与非特异性结合。黏附机制的相关研究中黏附素理论被普遍认可,包含了粘附蛋白学说、磷璧酸学说及细菌表面分子学说。本文就乳酸菌的黏附相关因子,体外黏附模型及黏附的影响因素做了阐述。

Lactic acid bacteria are a class of spore-free Gram-positive bacteria that can produce acid by carbohydrate fermentation.Owing to the advantages of safety,efficiency and easy access,it has been widely used in food,medical and animal production.In the animal intestine,it uses sugar to generate acidic metabolites,lower the pH of the intestine,and improve the intestinal microbial environment.In order to achieve good colonization of lactic acid bacteria in animals,the first step is to achieve adhesion.The adhesion process is mainly divided into specific binding and non-specific binding.Adhesin theories are widely accepted in related researches on adhesion mechanism,including adhesion protein theory,phosphonic acid theory,and bacterial surface molecule theory.In this article,the adhesion-related factors of lactic acid bacteria,in vitro adhesion models and adhesion influencing factors were described.