结直肠癌筛查及其进展

Colorectal Cancer Screening:Current Status and Progress

结直肠癌(CRC)是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,近年来我国CRC发病率总体呈现上升趋势,在消化系统恶性肿瘤中居第二位。CRC筛查可显著降低其发病率和死亡率,筛查方法多样,目前以免疫化学法粪便隐血试验(FIT)和结肠镜检查为基础的两步法筛查方案为多个国家的权威指南或共识所推荐,其他筛查方法可作为个体化的选择和补充。对于结直肠息肉超过10枚同时有CRC个人史或家族史,或结直肠息肉超过20枚的极高危人群,应行多基因种系突变检测。

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most common malignancies worldwide.In recent years,the overall incidence of CRC in China has shown an upward trend.According to the national estimates of cancer in China,CRC was the second most commonly diagnosed cancer of the digestive system.Screening of CRC can significantly reduce its morbidity and mortality.The screening methods are diverse.At present,a two-step screening program based on fecal immuno-chemical test(FIT)and colonoscopy is recommended by authoritative guidelines or consensus in many countries.Other screening methods can be used as individualized options and supplements.Multigene germline mutation detection should be performed for extremely high-risk population with multiple colorectal polyps(>10 polyps)and CRC personal or family history;or with more than 20 polyps.