免疫检查点抑制剂及其相关性结肠炎的研究进展

Advances in Research on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Related Colitis

免疫疗法作为一种抑制肿瘤生长的新兴治疗方法,目前受到广泛关注。免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)通过抑制细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4(CTLA-4)和程序性死亡受体/配体1(PD-1/PD-L1)的活性,增强T细胞识别和杀伤肿瘤细胞的能力。由于CTLA-4、PD-1/PD-L1在调节机体对自身抗原的耐受性中有至关重要的作用,因此,ICIs可能会导致机体正常耐受的缺失,从而导致免疫相关不良反应(irAEs),结肠炎为常见的irAEs之一。本文就ICIs相关结肠炎的发生率、临床表现、诊断、危险因素、发生机制、治疗研究进展作一综述。

Immunotherapy,as a new method to inhibit tumor growth,has attracted wide attention.Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)enhance the ability of T cells to recognize and kill tumor cells by inhibiting the activity of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen-4(CTLA-4)and programmed death/ligand 1(PD-1/PD-L1).Since immune checkpoints(CTLA-4,PD-1/PD-L1)play a crucial role in regulating the body′s tolerance to its own antigen,ICIs may cause the loss of normal tolerance of body structure and leading to immune-related adverse effects(irAEs).Colitis is one of the common irAEs.This article reviewed advances in research on incidence,symptoms,diagnosis,risk factors,pathogenesis and treatment of ICIs-related colitis.