建构与扩张——现代背景下惠特曼的“创造性自我”和思想体系

Construction and Expansion--Whitman’s"Creative Ego"and Ideological System in the Context of Modernization

运用新精神分析学派理论,结合其"创造性自我"等意识形态观点,对惠特曼身份构建的过程及其背后被遮蔽的策略体系和生成体制进行分析,发现其身份和话语与民主精神有一定的背离。惠特曼为了克服自卑和焦虑,为自己和美国民众塑造出了新的身份体系,在"创造性自我"的意识影响下,谋划并发展出了一个美国版图扩张的策略体系。该体系以美国的政治和经济利益为核心,在试图发展和强化美国本土殖民政治的同时,定位和操控美国与他国的关系。惠特曼在诗歌中把现代主体和殖民政治联系在一起,力争使其思想体系和美国主流价值观形成共鸣。惠特曼并非是传统意义上的浪漫主义者,其诗歌是诗人为国家实现版图扩展之文化谋略的产物。

We may easily find out the fact that Whitman’s identity and discourse are totally different from the spirit of democracy after applying the new theory of psychoanalytic school combined with its ideological viewpoint of"creative ego",and analyzing the process of Whitman’s identity construction as well as his covered strategical and constructive systems by taking the modernization as its background.Whitman plots and develops a strategic system for the expansion of the United States in order to overcome his inferiority and anxiety and create a new identity system under the influence of the sense of"creative ego".Based on the core of the political and economic interests of the United States,the poet tries to develop and strengthen the colonial politics of the United States,so as to locate and control the relations between the United States and other countries.Whitman links in the poetry the modern subject with the colonial politics and strives to make his ideological system resonate with the mainstream values of the United States.Whitman is not a romantic in the traditional sense,his poetry being the product of achieving the expansion of American territory and implementing the colonial expansion of cultural strategy.