赵堡太极拳传承危机成因及发展路径探析

On the Causes and Development Path of Zhaobao TaijiquanInheritance Crisis

赵堡太极拳发源于河南赵堡镇,是重要的太极拳派之一。民国时期,“二郑一侯”等传赵堡太极拳于西安,奠定其在西安乃至全国的传承。在太极拳的蓬勃发展的近二十年间,赵堡太极拳也在发展,但相较其他五派太极拳的发展,依然滞后、缓慢。在相对不平衡的发展中,赵堡太极拳所呈现出的状态:“传承人各自为战,没有形成合力;组织机构不健全,发展不平衡,缺乏领军人物;武术界、学术界的影响力弱,没有话语权;中老年继承为主,传承缺乏活力;传人珍视拳法,却轻推广,导致后继乏力等”,这也将其置于传承的危机之中。而危机的成因在于,“体育”阐释的影响,师-徒关系的异化与传承的“形式大于内容”。如何避免危机,促成发展?认为成立组织和联盟,突出领军人物;把握“传承人”的认定,推动传承;政府支持,加强人文关怀是赵堡太极拳传承、发展的重要途径。

Zhaobao Tai Chi is one of the Tai Chi,originating from Zhaobao Town,Henan Province.Zhaobao Tai Chi advocates the way of nature.It emphasizes"mid,upright,flat,round,light,handy,soft,and flexible".It combines Tai Chi Chuan Routine,pushing hands and boxing in one,and accommodates skill and health.During the Republic of China,"Zheng Wuqing,Zheng Boying and Hou Chunxiu"spread ZhaoBao Tai Chi in the northwest,laying its inheritance and prosperity in the northwest.In the nearly two decades of the booming development of Tai Chi,Zhaobao Taijiquan is also developing,but it is still lagging and slow compared to the development of other Tai Chi.In the relatively unbalanced development,Zhaobao Tai Chi Presented states:"The inheritors are fighting for each other,they have not formed a joint force;the organization is not perfect,the development is unbalanced,and there are no leading figures;the martial arts and academic have weak influence and no right to speak;the middle-aged and the elderly is Main inherited group,Lead to the inheritance lack of vitality;Inheritance cherishes boxing,but it is lightly promoted,leading to a lack of heirs and so on",which placed Zhaobao Tai Chi in the crisis of inheritance.The cause of the crisis lies in“The influence of the interpretation of‘sports’,the alienation of the relationship between Master and apprentice,the form of inheritance is greater than the content”.How to avoid crisis and promote development?This paper believes that the establishment of organizations and alliances,highlighting leading figures;grasping the identification of"inheritors"and promoting inheritance;government support,strengthening humane care is an important way for Zhaobao Taijiquan to inherit and develop.